Effect of nanosilica addition on bioactivity and in vivo properties of calcium aluminate cement

This study aims at assessing the influence of nanosilica on the bioactivity and mechanical properties of calcium aluminate cement. For this purpose, nanosilica was applied as a replacement for calcium aluminate cement at 0, 2, 5 and 8 wt%. The main components were analyzed by scanning electron microscope coupled with surface imaging and elemental analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. To estimate the bioactivity of specimens, hydroxyapatite formation on the surface of cement paste was investigated in the simulated body fluid solution. In addition, in vivo evaluation of calcium aluminate cement was performed in subcutaneous tissue of rats. To investigate the mechanical properties, both compressive and flexural strengths were also measured. The results revealed that by increasing nanosilica up to 8 wt%, the strength enhanced. Moreover all cement paste samples with various amounts of nanosilica represented good bioactivity because of formation of bonelike apatite layer on the surface of specimens within 28 days after soaking in simulated body fluid. In vivo experiments indicated that the cement sample was absorbed by the tissue and there was no infection at the implant site. Based on the in vitro and in vivo results, the specimen with 2 wt% nanosilica represented the highest bioactivity.     

The effect of synthesis conditions on the physicochemical properties of magnesium aluminate materials

Magnesium aluminate-based materials were prepared by applying different methods: (i) mechanochemical milling of the initial mixture of magnesium and aluminium nitrate powders (in appropriate stoichiometric amounts) followed by heat treatment at temperatures of 650 °C and 850 °C and (ii) melting of the mixture of nitrate precursors at 240 °C followed by thermal treatment at 650 °C, 750 °C and 850 °C. The effect of synthesis method on the structure and morphology of the obtained solids was studied by using various techniques such as: nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, powder XRD, IR spectroscopy and SEM. It was shown that the mechanochemical milling performed before calcination procedure leads to obtaining of nanocrystalline magnesium aluminate spinel phase at lower temperature of 650 °C in comparison with the method using thermal treatment only (at 750 °C). The obtained nanomaterials exhibit mesoporous structure.     

Effects of zirconium silicate and chromite addition on the microstructure and bulk density of magnesia–magnesium aluminate spinel-based refractory materials

Six synthesized magnesium aluminate spinel-based refractory compositions used in steel and cement applications, were prepared using a two stage sintering process at 1760 °C, starting with approximately 1:1 wt% ratio of pure magnesia and alumina with additions of zirconium silicate (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 wt%) and chromite (2.0, 3.0 and 5.0 wt%). These compositions were investigated for effects on densification, chemical and mineralogical phases formed.     

Standard reference materials for cements

The eight portland cements and two calcium aluminate cements in the Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1880 series are among the most popular SRMs in the catalog of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials Program. Numerous laboratories rely on them for elemental analysis and qualification for ASTM C 114-00 Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement. NIST has collected new candidate materials from around the world and partnered with Construction Technology Laboratories (CTL) in their preparation and certification. This paper describes the procedures taken at NIST and CTL to prepare and test materials for certification including the homogeneity testing, the X-ray fluorescence methods and the statistical data analysis performed for value assignment.     

硼酸使掺铁铝酸锂发光增强的现象

在硼酸存在下合成了掺铁铝酸锂荧光体,研究了在不同温度下硼酸加入量对荧光体发光强度的影响,并通过X射线粉末衍射和粒度分析,初步探讨了发光增加的原因。     

Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas over Calcined Ni–Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxides

The catalytic partial oxidation of CH₄ to syngas was carried out over an Ni–Mg/Al mixed-oxide catalyst prepared from layered double hydroxide-type precursors. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR, UV-DRS, XRF, BET and CHNS analysis. The effects of the catalyst composition and the calcination temperature on the catalytic performance and the extent of catalyst deactivation were investigated. Ni–Mg/Al oxide catalysts converted CH₄ into syngas efficiently with high selectivity. The catalyst performance was strongly related to the Ni particle size and the calcination temperature. The catalysts that were calcined at higher temperature exhibited a better catalytic performance. In conclusion, the NiAl₂O₄ spinel phase had a positive effect on the stability of the catalyst.     

铝酸钠溶液分解反应研究

为了研究氧化铝生产过程中铝酸钠溶液的分解反应动力学方程及反应器的优化操作设计, 首先用络合滴定法测定了氧化铝在氢氧化钠溶液中在50~65℃范围内的溶解度, 它为研究动力学提供了基础数据, 并得出溶解度方程为: Tc/4.221857.10ln-=* 在温度精度控制在±0.1℃的间歇釜式玻璃反应器中,在温度为50~60℃、氧化钠浓度为110gL-1和起始铝酸钠浓度为1.92molL-1的条件下,进行了65~84h的铝酸钠溶液的分解反应动力学实验。通过关联实验结果确定了反应动力学方程为: ()2312)/)((/10043.83exp101664.1**--=-cccARTrttA 该方程计算值与实验值的相对误差≤5%。 将溶解度方程与动力学方程进一步应用于反应器的优化操作设计,计算表明:采用动力学方程提供的铝酸钠最优操作过程,铝酸钠的分解率能提高4%左右。     

铝酸酯改性滑石粉的反应机理及其在橡胶中的应用

研究了铝酸酯改性滑石粉的反应机理，通过测量其在液体石蜡中的粘度和水渗透速度对改性效果进行评价，结果表明：铝酸酯改性后的滑石粉与普通滑石粉相比，在液体石蜡中的粘度显著减小，水渗透时间增大，有机憎水改性效果明显。由铝酸酯改性的滑石粉代替半补强碳黑填充于橡胶中，提高了橡胶的拉伸强度，长伸率等力学性能。     

铝酸钆基体发光薄膜组合芯片制备及其发光性能

组合材料芯片技术是功能材料开发研究的全新方法，能够高效、快速地筛选／优化新材料。采用这一技术快速发现／优化新型铝酸钆系发光材料(Gd1-xAlyOx：Rex)，并通过柠檬酸-硝酸盐燃烧法制备的相同粉体的实验结果，考察了材料芯片筛选结果的可靠性。对发光体在波长为254DE的紫外光激发下进行实验，获得如下的研究结果：铝酸钆基体晶相中n(Gd)：n(A1)的最佳比值为1：1和3：5。GdAlO3中的最佳激活剂(主要是Eu，Pr和Ce)Eu，且Gd1-xAlO3：Eux的主发射峰位置为615nm和593nm。Gd1-xAlO3：Eux中的最佳掺量x值为0．09。     

新型铝酸酯光稳定剂的研究

合成了五种新型铝酸酯光稳定剂并对其紫外吸收性能、荧光性能和热稳定性能进行了表征，探讨了光稳定剂结构、相对分子质量与其性能的关系，并验证它们的光稳定性及其在PE—LD中的光氧化稳定作用。还与紫外线吸收剂BAD和Tinuvin327进行了应用比较。