一水合双四唑乙烷氨基胍的制备及性能研究

采用一锅法制备了新型高氮化合物——一水合双四唑乙烷氨基胍盐(CH7N4·C4H4N8·H2O)。用红外光谱和元素分析对其单晶进行了表征,用X射线单晶衍射法测定了其晶体结构;用TG-DTG法和DSC法测试了其热性能;用Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算了其非等温动力学参数;用氧弹量热法测试了其燃烧热;用K-J方程计算了其爆速、爆压,并测试了其机械感度。结果表明,该晶体属于单斜晶系,空间群为C2/c(No.15),晶胞参数为:a=1.126 1(2)nm,b=0.710 62(14)nm,c=2.724 1(5)nm,β=95.95(3)°,V=2.168 2(8)nm3,Z=4,理论密度为1.527g/cm3;该化合物在289.3℃开始分解,具有良好的热稳定性,其非等温动力学反应活化能为219.05kJ/mol,指前因子lg(A/s-1)为38.61;燃烧热为9.515MJ/kg,生成焓为2 892.2kJ/mol,爆速为6.95km/s,爆压为19.3GPa;撞击感度高于50cm,摩擦感度为0,表明该化合物具有较低的机械感度和良好的热稳定性。     

硝酸氨基胍的分子结构与晶体结构

通过氨基胍重碳酸盐与硝酸反应制备了硝酸氨基胍 ,用四圆衍射仪测得了其结构。结果表明 ,该晶体属三斜晶系 ,空间群为P墿,晶体学参数为 :a =0 .6 0 2 8( 1)nm ,b =0 .7344( 1)nm ,c =0 .772 3( 1)nm ;α =10 4.85 0 ( 10 )° ,β =110 .45 0 ( 10 )° ,γ =10 2 .6 6 0 ( 10 )° ;V =0 .2 911( 7)nm3,Z =2 ,Dc=1.5 6 4g·cm-3 ,F( 0 0 0 ) =14 4 ;偏离因子R为 0 .0 32 7。硝酸氨基胍分子中没有独立的双键存在 ,分子内形成了具有大π键的碳正离子 ,并与硝酸根负离子形成离子型化合物     

Resorcylidene Aminoguanidine (RAG) Improves Cardiac Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Impaired by Hyperglycaemia in a Model of Experimental Diabetes

Diabetes is associated with a mitochondrial dysfunction. Hyperglycaemia is also clearly recognized as the primary culprit in the pathogenesis of cardiac complications. In response to glycation and oxidative stress, cardiac mitochondria undergo cumulative alterations, often leading to heart deterioration. There is a continuous search for innovative treatment strategies for protecting the heart mitochondria from the destructive impact of diabetes. Aminoguanidine derivatives have been successfully used in animal model studies on the treatment of experimental diabetes, as well as the diabetes-driven dysfunctions of peripheral tissues and cells. Considerable attention has been paid particularly to β-resorcylidene aminoguanidine (RAG), often shown as the efficient anti-glycation and anti-oxidant agent in both animal studies and in vitro experiments. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that RAG improves oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport capacity in mitochondria impaired by hyperglycaemia. Diabetes mellitus was induced in Wistar rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg body weight). Heart mitochondria were isolated from healthy rats and rats with streptozotocin-diabetes. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity was measured by high resolution respirometry with the OROBOROS Oxygraph-2k according to experimental protocol including respiratory substrates and inhibitors. The results revealed that RAG protects the heart against diabetes-associated injury by improving the mitochondrial bioenergetics, thus suggesting a possible novel pharmacological strategy for cardioprotection.     

硝呋烯腙的合成

介绍了由 5 硝基糠醛二乙酸酯与丙酮以摩尔比为 1∶1,在 5 0 %的硫酸介质中 ,温度为 80℃的条件下反应得到 1,5 双 (5 硝基 2 呋喃基 ) 1,4 戊二烯 3 酮 (I) ,然后I与氨基胍碳酸氢盐 ,在浓HCl作用下 ,于DMF和乙醇中回流得到硝呋烯腙。产品总产率达 6 5 0 %     

Molecular Structure of Aminoguanidine Sulfate Monohydrate

Aminoguanidine(guanylhydrazine)is an i mpor-tant chemical material,and is widely used inmedicines,pesticides,explosive,vesicant and finechemicals.Its molecule is rich in nitrogen and con-sists of a hydrazine group,an i mino group and anamino group,which determine its lively chemical re-activity.This compound is interesting in the sensethat it has apparently a lowtoxicity level,and func-tions as aninhibitor of the Maillard reaction.The re-action between nitrile groups of acrylonitrile/vinyl ac-…     

非酶糖化抑制剂对糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡作用的研究

目的: 观察非酶糖化抑制剂-氨基胍(AG) 对糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法: 54 只SD大鼠分为12 周对照组(8 只), 24 周对照组(10 只);糖尿病12 周组(8 只), 糖尿病24 周组(10 只);AG治疗12 周组(8 只), AG 治疗24 周组(10 只), 观察糖尿病大鼠心肌病变过程中(12 周及24 周) 心脏肥厚、心功能指标及心肌细胞凋亡的改变。结果: 链尿佐菌素(STZ) 诱导的糖尿病大鼠12 周时出现心功能异常并可见凋亡的心肌细胞, 随心衰的加重, 24 周时凋亡细胞数目明显增多。透射电镜检查, 发现糖尿病大鼠左室心肌组织中可见凋亡的心肌细胞(具有凋亡形态学特征) 。AG 治疗组大鼠心功能和心肌超微结构明显改善, 心肌细胞凋亡数目减少。结论: 心肌细胞凋亡在糖尿病心肌病发生发展过程中起着重要作用, AG 可有效减少心肌细胞凋亡, 改善心肌病理形态学异常。     

氨基胍对糖尿病大鼠心脏功能及心肌超微结构的影响

目的: 探讨非酶糖化抑制剂-氨基胍(aminoguanidine, AG)对链尿佐菌素(streptozotocin, STZ)糖尿病大鼠心肌的保护作用, 为糖尿病心肌病的防治提供参考。方法: 建立STZ 糖尿病大鼠模型, 随机分为对照组、糖尿病组和氨基胍治疗组,AG 剂量为150 mg·kg^-1·d^-1。12 周时测定大鼠血清果糖胺含量、心脏重量指数、左室内压最大上升和下降率(±dp/dt_max)值, 电镜观察心肌超微结构, 测量心肌毛细血管基底膜厚度。结果: 糖尿病组大鼠血清果糖胺含量、心脏重量指数明显增高,±dp/d t_max 降低;超微结构显示心肌肌原纤维排列紊乱, 线粒体肿胀变性,间质胶原增生, 微血管内皮细胞肿胀、基底膜明显增厚。氨基胍治疗组血清果糖胺含量降低、心脏重量指数明显下降、±dp/d t_max 值上升, 微血管基底膜增厚减轻, 间质胶原减少, 心肌细胞超微结构异常减轻。结论: 糖尿病时存在心脏功能异常、心肌肥厚和超微结构的改变, 早期应用AG 在一定程度上可阻抑糖尿病心肌病变的发展。     

Inhibitory effects of Chrysanthemum species extracts on formation of advanced glycation end products

The corolla of Chrysanthemum species (C.morifolium R. and C.indicum L.) has long been used to treat eye and inflammatory disease. However, little is known about the antiglycation properties of Chrysanthemum species. Our study sought to characterise their activity against the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in glycation model reactions. In BSA/glucose (fructose) systems, both Chrysanthemum species strongly inhibited the formation of AGEs and N^ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML). C.morifolium R., not C.indicum L., also acted to inhibit the formation of fluorescent AGEs, including pentosidine. This difference correlated with the values of polyphenol and flavonoid components. We characterised the active components in these plants by liquid chromatography-diode array detector-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation/mass spectrometry, which showed that C. morifolium R. contains large amounts of chlorogenic acid, flavonoid glucoside varieties, and apigenin, while C.indicum L. contains large amounts of caffeic acid, luteolin, and kaempferol. Our findings raise hopes for the successful treatment of pathogenesis in conditions associated with diabetic complications and aging.     

氨基胍重碳酸盐的合成工艺研究

以水合肼、石灰氮、硫酸、碳酸氢铵为原料合成氨基胍重碳酸盐.考察了原料比、水的用量、pH、反应温度等影响因素,优化了反应条件.实验结果表明,较佳的反应条件为:用水量100 mL,反应温度45℃,n(水合肼)∶n(石灰氮)=1∶2,pH7.2～ 7.5,70℃保温3h；结晶反应的较佳条件为:结晶温度10℃,结晶时间4h.在此条件下,产品收率高达96.07％,产品纯度达98％.