化学催化生物质基化合物制备运输燃料

石油资源的日益减少和世界对全球气候的关注,使发展可再生能源迫在眉睫。生物质资源是一种新型、清洁的可再生能源。文章着重介绍了近些年来一些重要生物质基化合物经一系列化学催化,制备C6以上运输燃料的最新进展。其中包括C-C扩链和C-O断裂所涉及的催化剂、反应温度、反应压力等工艺条件,以及加氢、脱水、脱氧、羟醛缩合、诺文葛耳反应、酮基化反应等反应机理。     

A novel route for green conversion of cellulose to HMF by cascading enzymatic and chemical reactions

In this work, a novel route to deconstruct cellulose into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) by cascading enzymatic and chemical reactions is reported. For biocatalyst preparation, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles encapsulated SBA‐15 with appropriate pore size was synthesized and utilized as magnetic scaffolds for the immobilization of cellulase. For chemical catalyst preparation, sulfated zirconium dioxide conformed monolayers were grafted on SBA‐15 template to create thermally robust mesoporous catalysts with tunable solid basic/Lewis acid and Brønsted acid sites. Catalytic performance of biocatalyst and chemical catalyst was explored in the aqueous phase conversion of IL pretreated cellulose to glucose, and in the iPrOH/water solvent conversion of glucose to HMF conversion, respectively. After the optimization of reaction conditions, a sequential conversion of pretreated cellulose to glucose and glucose to HMF was performed, and 43.6% HMF yield can be obtained. The cascaded enzymatic and chemocatalytic reaction system demonstrates an effective and economically friendly process for biomass energy conservation. A novel route for green conversion of IL pretreated cellulose to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) by cascading an enzymatic catalysis in an aqueous system with chemocatalysis in an iPrOH/water solvent mixture is reported. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2017     

碳纳米钯的生物合成及其催化性能研究

将奥奈达希瓦氏菌(S. oneidensis MR-1)原位还原形成的零价纳米钯颗粒负载在碳纳米管(CNTs)表面,制备了Pd/CNTs纳米复合材料。用TEM、XPS等多种手段对材料进行了表征,并用对硝基苯酚(4-NP)的还原降解反应评价了Pd/CNTs的催化性能。表征结果表明,钯纳米颗粒(直径2~3 nm)较均匀地分散在CNTs表面;钯负载在CNTs上会造成其拉曼峰强的增大和特征峰的偏移,且结晶度和颗粒数目随着负载量的增加而增加。性能评价表明,Pd/CNTs对4-NP还原降解具有较高催化性能,较其催化效率较单一的CNTs降解效率提高了6.3倍;在pH = 10的条件下,5% Pd/CNTs催化18 min可将4-NP降解99.5%,经6个反应循环后对4-NP的去除率仍保持在95.2%。