Effect of Bi and Sr concentrations on the formation of the 2223 phase in Bi-Pb-Sb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O materials, obtained under different conditions of thermal treatment

The superconducting properties and the phase and chemical composition of Bi _x Pb_0.3Sb_0.1Sr _y Ca₂Cu₃O_z (x=1.5, 1.6, and 1.7;y=1.9, 2.0, and 2.1) materials synthesized by one-step and multistep thermal treatments have been investigated. The multistep annealing between 825–875°C promotes the 2223 phase. The change of Bi concentration has little effect on the 2223 phase formation, regardless of the kind of thermal treatment used, but increasing the Sr concentration (y> 2) strongly inhibits this phase. It has also been established that the loss of Pb after synthesis depends on the initial Bi concentration. The loss of Pb decreases when the initial Bi content is lower.     

Modified atmosphere packaging of a mixed prepared vegetable salad dish

The aim of this study was to design a modified atmosphere package for a mixed vegetable salad consisting of 75 g of cut carrot, 55 g of cut cucumber, 20 g of sliced garlic and 50 g of whole green pepper. Respiration data of all the components were combined with film permeability data to predict package atmospheres and design optimal packages for experimental testing for improved shelf-life of the produce. The optimal package avoided minimum O₂ and maximum CO₂ tolerance limits, and chilling injury temperatures for any component. A pouch form package made of 27 mm low density polyethylene developed a modified atmosphere of 2.0–2.1% O₂ and 5.5–5.7% CO₂, which was beneficial for all components and provided better quality retention than other test packages.     

A New Method for Comparing Orthonasal and Retronasal Olfaction.

Odors seem to be perceived differently when presented ortho- or retronasally. In this study, stimuli of controlled concentration and duration were applied in either the anterior nasal cavity or epipharynx by means of air-dilution olfactometry. Stimulus concentration was monitored in the olfactory cleft. In Experiment 1, odor thresholds to a food (chocolate) and a nonfood (lavender) odor were lower for orthonasal, compared with retronasal, stimulation. In Experiment 2, intensity ratings to suprathreshold odor concentrations were significantly higher for orthonasal than for retronasal stimulation with hydro- hydrogen sulfide, but not phenyl ethyl alcohol. Accordingly, amplitudes and latencies of olfactory event-related gen potentials to retronasal stimuli were found to be smaller and prolonged, respectively. This indicates differential processing of olfactory stimuli presented through the retronasal or orthonasal routes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Taste recognition threshold concentrations of styrene in oil-in-water emulsions and yoghurts

Taste recognition threshold concentrations (TRTC) of styrene were determined in samples of oil-in-water emulsions (30–300 g kg^?1 oil) and yoghurts (1–30 g kg^?1 fat), spiked with styrene. The observed TRTC increased linearly with increasing fat content and ranged from 0–3 to 2–1 mg kg^?1 for the emulsions and from 36 to 171 g kg^?1 for the yoghurts. Styrene equilibrium partition coefficients between emulsions and their respective vapour phases were determined. The concentrations of styrene in the continuous aqueous phase of the emulsions and yoghurts were calculated at the TRTC. The styrene concentrations in the continuous phase had constant values of about 15 g kg^?1 indicating that perception of styrene for oil-in–water emulsions is determined by the aqueous phase of the emulsion. The concentrations of styrene in the vapor phases above the emulsions and yoghurts were also calculated and were found to be constant at the TRTC. This relationship probably resulted from the equilibrium of distribution of styrene between the respective phases. Commercial yoghurt packed in polystyrene beakers contained styrene levels in the range 2–11 g kg^?1, much lower then the TRTC reported.     

On Hypotheses Testing for the Selection of Spatio‐Temporal Models

Abstract. Several models have been proposed in recent years for analysing spatial data and also, to some extent, spatio‐temporal data. One of the important problems, namely the choice of an appropriate model for describing real data sets, remains unsolved. Here we consider the analysis of spatio‐temporal processes from which observations over space and time are available. We propose statistical tests for discriminating between space–time autoregressive processes and multivariate autoregressive processes. The sampling properties of the proposed tests are considered. We illustrate the methods with a real example. We use the above tests to find the best model to describe spatio‐temporal variations of hourly carbon monoxide measurements at four locations in London in January 2004.     

嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌驯化条件的研究

随着办研究氧化亚铁硫杆菌结果表明,最佳培养温度为30℃左右,最佳生长pH为2.0～2.5,最佳生长初始Fe2＋浓为0115mol/L左右,在进行细菌培养时接种量取10%比较恰当。低pH值和高浓度Fe2＋驯化后,在培养温度30℃、初始pH值1.5、初始Fe2＋浓度25g/L条件下,氧化亚铁硫杆菌仍能保持一定的Fe2＋氧化活性,6天Fe2＋氧化率可达82.28%,Fe2＋平均氧化速率达3.43g/L/d,pH值的变化是先上升后下降,最后稳定在1.81。     

Computation of concentrations of characteristic atoms of alloys in BCC structure

In this paper,taking Nb-Mo alloy system as an example,the equations of concentration of characteristic atoms of alloys in BCC structure were obtained on the basis of the idea of systematic science of alloys and the number of coordination atoms.The concentrations of characteristic atoms in B2-NbMo type ordered alloys were calculated as functions of ordering degree(s) and composition xMo.When s=smax,the concentrations of characteristic atoms of stoichiometric B2-NbMo intermetallic compound are equal to that o...     

多元醇胺对钢铁渣粉溶解特性的影响

为了解决钢铁渣粉溶解性差所引起的活性低的问题,研究了三乙醇胺( TEA)、三异丙醇胺( TIPA)和二乙醇单异丙醇胺( DEIPA)对钢铁渣粉在碱性环境下溶解的影响规律,通过电导率仪、酸度计、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪( inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,ICP-AES)和八通道微量热仪对钢铁渣粉的溶解特性进行了表征。结果表明：多元醇胺降低了钢铁渣粉液相的pH并提高了液相电导率,主要表现为增加了液相中Fe、Ca、Al元素的质量浓度,其中TEA和DEIPA的影响效果大于TIPA;多元醇胺提高了钢铁渣粉早期的溶解热和最大水化热峰值,进一步证实了多元醇胺对钢铁渣粉具有增溶作用。     

Integrating spectral indices with environmental parameters for estimating heavy metal concentrations in rice using a dynamic fuzzy neural-network model

A generalized dynamic fuzzy neural network (GDFNN) was created to estimate heavy metal concentrations in rice by integrating spectral indices and environmental parameters. Hyperspectral data, environmental parameters, and heavy metal content were collected from field experiments with different levels of heavy metal pollution (Cu and Cd). Input variables used in the GDFNN model were derived from 10 variables acquired by gray relational analysis. The assessment models for Cd and Cu concentration employed five and six input variables, respectively. The results showed that the GDFNN for estimating Cu and Cd concentrations in rice performed well at prediction with a compact network structure using the training, validation, and testing sets (for Cu, fuzzy rules=9, R² greater than 0.75, and RMSE less than 2.5; for Cd, fuzzy rules=9, R² greater than 0.75, and RMSE less than 1.0). The final GDFNN model was then compared with a back-propagation (BP) neural network model, adaptive-network-based fuzzy interference systems (ANFIS), and a regression model. The accuracies of GDFNN model prediction were usually slightly better than those of the other three models. This demonstrates that the GDFNN model is more suitable for predicting heavy metal concentrations in rice.     

抑芽剂对山药保鲜效果的研究

不同浓度的抑芽剂对山药保鲜效果的试验表明:粉剂1.0 g/kg有效地抑制了山药发芽和呼吸作用,延缓了失重率和丙二醛含量的增加,抑制了PPO活性的增加并推迟了POD活性高峰期,是该研究范围的最佳山药抑芽剂浓度,其次为乳油150倍;粉剂1.5 g/kg的抑芽效果较其他浓度要差,乳油200倍的呼吸强度变化幅度最小,其值都维持在较低的水平,180 d时其呼吸强度仅为6.32 mg(/kg.h),有效地抑制了山药的呼吸作用.