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1.
J. Gegner 《Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik》2003,34(3):290-297
Chemical Composition and Microstructure of Polymer‐Derived Glasses and Ceramics in the Si–C–O System. Part 2: Characterization of microstructure formation by means of high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction Liquid or solid silicone resins represent the economically most interesting class of organic precursors for the pyrolytic production of glass and ceramics materials on silicon basis. As dense, dimensionally stable components can be cost‐effectively achieved by admixing reactive filler powders, chemical composition and microstructure development of the polymer‐derived residues must be exactly known during thermal decomposition. Thus, in the present work, glasses and ceramics produced by pyrolysis of the model precursor polymethylsiloxane at temperatures from 525 to 1550 °C are investigated. In part 1, by means of analytical electron microscopy, the bonding state of silicon was determined on a nanometre scale and the phase separation of the metastable Si–C–O matrix into SiO2, C and SiC was proved. The in‐situ crystallization could be considerably accelerated by adding fine‐grained powder of inert fillers, such as Al2O3 or SiC, which permits effective process control. In part 2, the microstructure is characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction. Turbostratic carbon and cubic β‐SiC precipitate as crystallization products. Theses phases are embedded in an amorphous matrix. Inert fillers reduce the crystallization temperature by several hundred °C. In this case, the polymer‐derived Si–C–O material acts as a binding agent between the powder particles. Reaction layer formation does not occur. On the investigated pyrolysis conditions, no crystallization of SiO2 was observed. 相似文献
2.
This investigation focuses on the correlation between the crystallographic orientation of grains with respect to magnetic
properties in Co-Cr films. Based on a distribution measured for the (0002) crystallographic pole densities, modified formulae
describing the texture were used to calculate the coercivity Hc, the squareness ratio Rs (Mr⊥/TMs) and the anisotropy field
Ha for Co-Cr films. In general, calculated values for the coercive force He agreed well with the measured values. The calculated
Rs⊥. values were much larger than the measured ones, however, indicating that the influence of the demagnetizing field and
the magnetostriction on the orientation of the magnetization cannot be neglected.
On leave from Institute of Computing Technology, Academia Sinica, P.O.Box 2704-6, Beijing, P.R. China. 相似文献
3.
Banded textures produced in a thermotropic liquid crystal polymer by shearing between glass slides are examined by using both transmission electron and polarized light microscopy. The periodic variation in director orientation about the shear axis, as measured by light microscopy, is shown to be distinctly different from that indicated by electron diffraction. Measurements of birefringence and observation of Zernicke phase contrast indicate periodic variations in optical properties of the polymer, in step with the bands. Such effects are accounted for in terms of a synchronous rotation of the planar aromatic groups about the molecular chain axes. Evidence for an out-of-plane component of molecular orientation is also presented. 相似文献
4.
Jehane Ragai 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1985,35(5):263-269
Hydrous titania gels, precipitated from titanous chloride and aged in different aqueous media have different textural, thermal and structural properties as demonstrated by nitrogen adsorption, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy studies. Ageing in ammonia leads to the development of microporosity, whereas ageing in water causes an extension of the pore system in the primary particles with little change in the surface texture. Heat-treatment of the precipitated gels prior to ageing seems to afford a certain stability to the primary particle by allowing hydroxo and oxo bridges to be formed, thus leading to the formation of a more rigid structure. The nature of the ageing medium and its effect on the inner coordination sphere of the titanium ions are important parameters affecting the textural and thermal behaviours of the titania gels. 相似文献
5.
6.
Buffalo milk Cheddar cheese samples of different ages were analysed for compositional attributes (CA), ripening indices (RI) and Instron Textural Profile (ITP). All samples were compositionally alike, except for pH and salt-in-moisture (SM) contents. RI showed significant variations. CA and RI showed highly significant correlations within themselves and with each other, except for moisture with pH, SM with moisture, MNFS, Fat and FDM and Fat with MNFS. The ITPs of cheeses showed significant variations and had highly significant intercorrelations indicating their interdependence. CA (except moisture and MNFS) and RI showed a highly significant correlationship with ITPs. Moisture content showed a highly significant correlationship with all ITPs, except cohesiveness and springiness, where it was significant. MNFS content showed significant correlations only with hardness and brittleness. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that MI was the most predominant factor influencing cheese texture, followed by pH, SM, FDM and TVFA. Knowing Ca and RI, the textural properties of cheeses can be forecast through mathematical equations. Similarly the age of cheese can also be predicted if RI and/or textural properties are known. 相似文献
7.
The texture effect on visual colour difference evaluation was investigated in this study. Five colour centers were selected and textured colour pairs were generated using scanned textile woven fabrics and colour‐mapping technique. The textured and solid colour pairs were then displayed on a characterized cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor for colour difference evaluation. The colour difference values for the pairs with texture patterns are equal to 5.0 CIELAB units in lightness direction. The texture level was represented by the half‐width of histogram, which is called texture strength in this study. High correlation was found between texture strength and visual colour difference for textured colour pairs, which indicates that an increasing of 10 units of texture strength in luminance would cause a decreasing of 0.25 units visual difference for the five colour centers. The ratio of visual difference between textured and solid colour pairs also indicates a high parametric effect of texture. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 341–347, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col. 相似文献
8.
J. Lub W.P.M. Nijssen R.T. Wegh J.P.A. Vogels A. Ferrer 《Advanced functional materials》2005,15(12):1961-1972
This paper describes the synthesis of photoisomerizable derivatives of isosorbide. These derivatives contain a stilbene or cinnamate moiety and can therefore be used as photoisomerizable chiral compounds in cholesteric liquid‐crystalline mixtures. The reflection wavelength of cholesteric layers made from these mixtures is increased by UV irradiation due to the fact that the Z‐isomers of these derivatives exhibit a lower helical twisting power than the corresponding E‐isomers. The cinnamate derivatives are very suitable for use in cholesteric color filters that find application in liquid‐crystal displays. 相似文献
9.
Optical absorption and photoluminescence of Ca3(VO4)2 single crystal grown by a floating-zone technique and containing Nd3+ ions were investigated. High absorption coefficients and broadening of most absorption bands are present at 300 K, while substructures in some of the same bands can be evidenced at 12 K. Most features of measured spectra are characteristic of random occupation of more than a single Ca2+ site by the Nd3+ ion and of distortions provoked by different charge compensation mechanisms involving oxygen vacancies promotion in the crystal lattice. Nd3+ optical properties were studied by using the Judd-Ofelt theory to calculate the spectral parameters relevant for laser applications. 相似文献
10.
By using scanning polarization force microscopy,the deliquescence process and the atomic steps on the cleavage surface of CaCO3 in air were studied in situ.Under an exposure to medium umidity(-57%),the sloiw step movement has been observed. 相似文献