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1.
2.
加速行进中的洪水具有高含沙、高流速和粗粒径的特点,而针对洪水的流变特性研究关注点多为高含沙量,忽略了高流速即高剪切速率的特点。以黄河下游泥沙为研究对象,系统地研究了高流速剪切条件下含沙量、剪切模式、温度和盐度对流变特性的影响。结果表明,在高流速剪切条件下(剪切速率≥ 1200 s-1,对应线性流速为3.6 m/s),含沙量在106.64 ~ 957.83 kg/m3范围内的浑水体符合牛顿流体的应力本构关系,不存在屈服应力,表观黏度与含沙量呈指数关系。温度降低并未改变浑水体的流变特性,但会使其表观黏度增加,且温度越低黏度增幅越大,浑水体黏度增大梯度约为等温度清水的数倍至十几倍。盐度变化对该测试浑水体的表观黏度和流变特性影响甚微,可忽略不计。本研究结果可为高流速水流挟沙和远距离输沙研究提供理论参考。 相似文献
3.
Hazoor Singh Sidhu Buta Singh Sidhu S. Prakash 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2006,15(6):699-704
The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the mechanical properties and microstructure details at the interface
of high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF)-sprayed NiCr-coated boiler tube steels, namely ASTM-SA-210 grade A1, ASTM-SA213-T-11, and
ASTM-SA213-T-22. Coatings were developed by two different techniques, and in these techniques liquefied petroleum gas was
used as the fuel gas. First, the coatings were characterized by metallographic, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive
x-ray analysis, x-ray diffraction, surface roughness, and microhardness, and then were subjected to erosion testing. An attempt
has been made to describe the transformations taking place during thermal spraying. It is concluded that the HVOF wire spraying
process offers a technically viable and cost-effective alternative to HVOF powder spraying process for applications in an
energy generation power plant with a point view of life enhancement and to minimize the tube failures because it gives a coating
having better resistance to erosion. 相似文献
4.
A. J. Horlock Z. Sadeghian D. G. McCartney P. H. Shipway 《Journal of Thermal Spray Technology》2005,14(1):77-84
Recently, there has been considerable interest in producing cermet coatings with nanoscale carbide grains in the size range
50 to 500 nm. In this article, the production of nanoscale TiC grains in a Ni-based alloy matrix by reactive high-velocity
oxyfuel (HVOF) spraying of metastable Ni-Ti-C powder is reported. Mechanical alloying of a Ni(Cr) prealloyed powder and Ti
and C elemental powders was performed in a planar-type ball mill, and materials were characterized in detail using x-ray diffraction
(XRD) and scanning electron micros-copy (SEM). Phase changes were correlated with milling time and other processing conditions.
Results show that, by the selection of appropriate conditions, a metastable Ni-Ti-C powder could be obtained with the nominal
composition 50wt.%Ni-40wt.%Ti-10wt.%C. Following sieving and classification, powder was produced with a particle size range
of −38 to 8 μm, which is suitable for HVOF spraying. Coatings, approximately 250 μm thick, were deposited by HVOF spraying
onto mild steel substrates, and the microstructures formed were investigated. XRD showed that a self-propagating high-temperature
synthesis (SHS) reaction had occurred in the powder particles during spraying and that the principal phases present in the
coating were TiC and a Ni-rich solid solution; small quantities of NiTi, TiO2, and NiTiO3 were also present. SEM revealed that the coatings had a characteristic, splatlike morphology and that TiC formed as a nanoscale
dispersion, with a size range of ∼50 to 200 nm, within solidified splats. The microstructures of these reactively sprayed
Ni-TiC coatings are briefly compared with those observed in HVOF-sprayed coatings deposited using prereacted SHS powder.
The original version of this paper was published as part of the ASM Proceedings, Thermal Spray 2003: Advancing the Science and Applying the Technology, International Thermal Spray Conference (Orlando, FL), May 5–8, 2003, Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau, Ed., ASM International,
2003. 相似文献
5.
目的 考虑后续不同粒径颗粒随机冲击的影响,探索热喷涂涂层颗粒的沉积特性。方法 利用ABAQUS建立颗粒与基底冲击模型,通过颗粒冲击的凹坑深度和应力分布进行网格收敛性研究。通过实验验证模型的可行性。随后,应用验证模型研究颗粒以不同入射角和速度冲击基底时的沉积特性,以及4个颗粒重叠冲击基底及多颗粒随机冲击基底表面时的沉积特性。结果 在颗粒入射角从15°增至60°时,颗粒更好地附着于基底表面;当颗粒速度从350 m/s增至500 m/s时发生了溅射现象,可能造成绝热剪切失稳现象,形成有效结合;在4个颗粒冲击基底时,第2个颗粒对第1个颗粒及基底的影响都最明显;当多颗粒随机冲击基底时,在后续颗粒的冲击和沉积作用下,填充颗粒的形状不规则,同时第1层颗粒可能与基底形成机械咬合。结论 在超音速火焰喷涂时应当倾斜一定角度,同时提升颗粒速度,这对制备涂层更有利;在颗粒重叠冲击时,后续颗粒增大了第1个颗粒的压缩效果,且更深入地嵌入不锈钢基底,这有利于颗粒与颗粒之间的后续黏结;当多颗粒随机冲击基底时,在第1层沉积颗粒与基底之间,以及涂层内相邻颗粒之间均观察到高塑性应变,表明涂层出现黏结,同时后期沉积的颗粒未完整压缩变形。 相似文献
6.
为提高纳米结构WC-CoCr涂层的综合力学性能,采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)工艺制备纳米结构和超细结构WC-CoCr涂层。探讨了不同晶体特征的WC粉末对颗粒飞行和沉积变形过程的脱碳行为、涂层微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:含有高密度位错的超细WC粉末在喷涂过程中发生了严重的氧化脱碳,形成了大量的W2C相,涂层孔隙率较大,断裂韧性显著降低。而含有显著孪晶的纳米WC颗粒具有抑制WC脱碳和增强涂层断裂韧性的作用,纳米结构涂层呈现低脱碳率、高致密性、高硬度和高断裂韧性的优良综合性能。 相似文献
7.
含沙高速水流的磨蚀机理和掺气抗磨作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
含沙高速水流易引起过流面材料的磨蚀破坏。本文探讨了泥沙磨蚀机理,提出了影响磨蚀的因素;基于紊流猝发理论,建立了混凝土材料壁面磨蚀率的计算公式;根据试验数据导出了掺气水流中混凝土材料壁面磨损率的经验公式。研究表明,含沙水流对固壁材料的磨蚀率随掺气浓度、材料强度的增大而减小,随水流流速、含沙量的提高而增大。利用掺气可有效地降低过流表面的泥沙磨蚀率。 相似文献
8.
目的提高直升机旋翼系统连接件的耐微动磨损疲劳寿命,解决传统镀铬工艺引起的环境污染问题。方法采用爆炸喷涂工艺,通过调节氧气和乙炔混合气体氧燃比,在35Ni4Cr2MoA高强合金钢基体上制备不同的WC-12Co涂层,研究氧燃比对涂层组成、结构和力学性能的影响规律。结果随着氧燃比的提高,涂层C含量逐渐降低,硬度、致密性、弹性模量和结合强度则先升后降。氧燃比低于1.1时,粒子飞行速度低和熔融不充分是涂层硬度和致密性下降的主要原因;氧燃比高于1.3时,爆炸焰流为氧化气氛,WC粒子的氧化和分解加剧了C元素的流失,使得涂层性能下降;氧燃比为1.2时,涂层无明显氧化和脱碳,截面维氏显微硬度(HV0.3)达到12.9 GPa,孔隙率为0.86%,与基材间的结合强度达到148 MPa。结论爆炸喷涂中高速飞行的粒子对35Ni4Cr2MoA高强合金钢基体具有一定的表面强化作用,喷丸试棒经爆炸喷涂工艺沉积WC-12Co涂层后,疲劳寿命提高107.4%。氧燃比对爆炸喷涂沉积WC-12Co涂层的组成、结构和力学性能影响较大,氧燃比为1.2时,涂层的综合力学性能最佳。 相似文献
9.
Ajdelsztajn L. Tang F. Schoenung J. M. Kim G. E. Provenzano V. 《Journal of Thermal Spray Technology》2005,14(1):23-30
Thermal barrier coating systems protect turbine blades against high-temperature corrosion and oxidation. They consist of a
metal bond coat (MCrAlY, M = Ni, Co) and a ceramic top layer (ZrO2/Y2O3). In this work, the oxidation behavior of conventional and nanostructured high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) NiCrAlY coatings has
been compared. Commercially available NiCrAlY powder was mechanically cryomilled and HVOF sprayed on a nickel alloy foil to
form a nanocrystalline coating. Freestanding bodies of conventional and nanostructured HVOF NiCrAlY coatings were oxidized
at 1000 °C for different time periods to form the thermally grown oxide layer. The experiments show an improvement in oxidation
resistance in the nanostructured coating when compared with that of the conventional one. The observed behavior is a result
of the formation of a continuous Al2O3 layer on the surface of the nanostructured HVOF NiCrAlY coating. This layer protects the coating from further oxidation and
avoids the formation of mixed oxide protrusions present in the conventional coating.
The original version of this article was published as part of the ASM Proceedings, Thermal Spray 2003: Advancing the Science and Applying the Technology, International Thermal Spray Conference (Orlando, FL), May 5–8 2003, Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau, Ed., ASM International,
2003. 相似文献
10.
采用超音速火焰喷涂技术沉积含3种不同(Mo+B)/(Ni+Cr)质量比(1:1,2:1和3:1)的Mo-B-Ni-Cr球磨复合粉末以原位反应制备获得MoB/NiCr涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了MoB/NiCr涂层的组织结构和物相。同时讨论了不同(Mo+B)/(Ni+Cr)质量比对涂层的组织结构、硬度、结合强度和耐腐蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明,(Mo+B)/(Ni+Cr)质量比为1:1的MoB/NiCr涂层孔隙率最低及涂层厚度最大。在3种涂层中均原位反应生成了Mo2NiB2三元硼化物,且随着(Mo+B)/(Ni+Cr)质量比的增加,涂层中三元硼化物含量随之增加,涂层的硬度值增加,结合强度反而随之降低;由于涂层中三元硼化物的原位生成,MoB/NiCr涂层的硬度值均高于316L不锈钢基体。通过能谱和XRD分析发现,经过360 h熔融锌腐蚀试验后,涂层表层中没有发现锌元素及其金属间化合物,然而随着(Mo+B)/(Ni+Cr)质量比的增加,涂层的孔隙率增加及厚度降低。最后,综合分析可得,相比其他涂层,(Mo+B)/(Ni+Cr)质量比为1:1的MoB/NiCr涂层具有更好的耐熔融锌腐蚀能力。 相似文献