Flowsheet Options for Cobalt Recovery in African Copper–cobalt Hydrometallurgy Circuits

The price of cobalt has increased by some 450% in the past two years, mainly due to increasing demand for lithium–ion batteries. With an official 2017 production of 64 kt, the Democratic Republic of Congo produces more than half of the world’s cobalt. African Copperbelt operations have traditionally focused on copper production; however, it has now become imperative to also consider cobalt recovery from these ores. A plethora of processing routes is possible. Most hydrometallurgical flowsheets recover cobalt from the raffinate of the low-grade copper solvent-extraction circuit. Downstream purification processes include sequential precipitation with a variety of reagents, solvent extraction, and ion exchange. Product choices include hydroxide, carbonate, sulfate, and metal cathode. This study assesses technical and economic advantages and limitations of various approaches to the hydrometallurgical processing of cobalt in an African context.     

NH4SCN从ROH-CTMAB-C12H26载金有机相中反萃金

研究了硫氰酸铵（NH4SCN）从混合醇（ROH）－十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）－正十二烷（C12H26）载金有机相中反萃金，考察了平衡时间，PH值，反萃剂浓度，温度等因素对反萃率的影响及有机相的循环使用，绘制了反萃等温曲线，结果表明，NH4SCN对金具有较高反萃率，可顺利实现金的反萃。     

银阳极泥氯化浸出回收金工艺研究

研究了银阳极泥氯化浸出回收金工艺。实验结果显示,在盐酸1.5 mol/L、硫酸0.75 mol/L、氯化钠35 g/L、氯酸钠与银阳极泥中金的质量比mNaClO     

常规两段浸出法提高锌焙烧矿中铜回收率的研究

分析了不同湿法炼锌工艺锌焙烧矿中回收铜的工艺,发现各工艺都存在不同的工艺缺点。借鉴国内锌冶炼企业开展的常规两段浸出法提高铜回收率的生产经验,进行了锌焙烧矿中铜、铁、硅的浸出机理研究,并且根据该机理提出了常规两段浸出法的改进工艺流程,按照该工艺流程开展了试验研究,将铜的回收率提高到了76.41%。     

湿法炼锌制镉碱渣综合回收实践

采用高温高酸氧化浸出工艺对湿法炼锌粗镉生产过程产出的制镉碱渣进行处理。通过“电解液+锰粉氧化浸出”与“电解液直接浸出”制镉碱渣小试工艺试验对比,获得高温高酸氧化浸出的工艺参数为：浸出温度85~90 ℃、浸出时间8 h以上、液固质量比~4 g/g,锌、镉高温高酸氧化浸出率分别达到96.88%、95.35%。通过工业化实践,将某锌冶炼厂长期堆存的制镉碱渣有效处理,实现锌、镉等有价金属的回收,提高金属回收率,同时避免含隔渣长期堆存带来的环保风险,具有较好的经济和环境效益。     

过氧化氢分光光度法测定湿法提钒工艺中钒

为了提高湿法提钒工艺过程控制效率,采用以过氧钒离子(VO(O₂)⁺)显色特性为基础的过氧化氢分光光度法测定钒含量,实现了样品中钒含量的现场快速测定。首先通过在试样溶液中加入适量氢氧化钠溶液,调整溶液pH值至9～10,然后加入过氧化氢将低价态钒全部氧化至钒(V),再加入硫酸调整溶液至酸性,钒(V)与过氧化氢在室温下形成稳定的红棕色过氧钒离子(VO(O₂)⁺),于450 nm处测定吸光度。钒质量浓度在2.0~400 mg/L内与吸光度值符合比尔定律。采用实验方法测定3种湿法冶金提钒液体试样(包括钒浸取溶液、钒盐沉淀后溶液以及废水等)中钒,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)分别为0.38%、3.5%和7.6%;与高锰酸钾氧化-硫酸亚铁铵滴定法结果相一致。     

高锰高砷硫化银精矿湿法提银扩大试验

以广西凤凰高锰高砷硫化银精矿为原料,进行了全湿法提银扩大试验,结果表明银的直收率和总回收率达到91 59%和95 67%;锰和铅回收率分别为99 18%和87 41%;粗银粉和铅精矿品位分别为32 565%和72 43%。同时该工艺防止了硫、砷、铅等有毒元素对环境的污染,脱锰产生的H2S经两级碱吸收即全部以Na2S·9H2O的形式回收。     

Copper hydrometallurgy-current status,preliminary economics,future direction and positioning versus smelting

The heap leaching of oxide copper ores with copper cathode recovery by solvent extraction and electrowinning is now well established as a low-cost method of copper recovery. This technology has recently been applied successfully to mixed oxide and chalcocite ores, notably in Chile at Cerro Colorado, Quebrada Blanca and Zaldivar.Currently, there are significant development efforts underway to try to extend heap leaching to chalcopyrite ores.The success of heap leaching/SX/EW has also led to a revival in the development of hydrometallurgical processes to recover copper from chalcopyrite and other copper concentrates. The current status of copper hydrometallurgy is reviewed and the most commercially attractive potential applications are explored. The advantages and disadvantages of the hydrometallurgical treatment of chalcopyrite concentrates and its preliminary economics are compared with those for the current best practices in copper smelting and refining.     

Recycle use of phosphorous mixer extractant to extract indium

The stripping and regeneration of the loaded organic phase of phosphorous mixer extractant (PPD) were studied. The mixed solutions (3 niol/L HC1 +2 mol/L ZnCl2) were used as the stripping agent and more than 99% of indium can be stripped after three-stage stripping when the volume ratio of organic phase to stripping agent is 1:1. The organic phase can be recycled to use after regeneration with HC1. The parallel contrast experiments with D2EHPA (di-2-ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid) were carried out under the same conditions. The results show that the mixer extractant has good reusability and the stripping and regeneration of PPD are superior to those of DJ3HPA.     

湿法炼锌除钴锌渣硫酸浸出液中高锰酸钾氧化沉钴热力学分析

锌湿法冶金生产中除钴产出的锌渣尚含有大量的锌钴等有色金属资源,这种渣用硫酸浸出后锌钴等有色金属进入浸出液中,可用高锰酸钾等氧化剂将钴氧化沉淀而从含锌溶液中分离出来.用电极电势理论和能斯特方程对此除钴过程进行了热力学分析,结果表明:高锰酸根的氧化对溶液中杂质Fe2 、Mn2 、Co2 的去除是可行的,可以达到工业生产对杂质的浓度要求;对于N i2 只能进行部分氧化.氧化过程中溶液pH对钴的沉淀效果具有决定性影响,pH低于4时沉淀效果将显著降低.