NaH_2PO_2对Zn－Co合金电沉积影响的研究

用循环伏安法研究了ＮａＨ２ＰＯ２对Ｚｎ－Ｃｏ合金电沉积的影响，结果表明：镀液中加入ＮａＨ２ＰＯ２后使Ｚｎ－Ｃｏ合金的电沉积时的阴极极化增大；获得的Ｚｎ－Ｃｏ－Ｐ合金镀层的阳极溶解峰电位比Ｚｎ层、Ｚｎ－Ｃｏ合金层的溶解峰的电位正移。     

Crystallography and equilibrium solubility for ammonium and potassium orthophosphites and hypophosphites

The composition and solubility properties of eight ammonium and potassium orthophosphites and hypophosphites were determined to evaluate the potential of these classes of materials for increasing the plant nutrient content of liquid fertilizers. Phase relationships for the systems (NH₄)₂O-P₂O₃-H₂O, K₂O-P₂O₃-H₂O, (NH₄)₂O-P₂O-H₂O, and K₂O-P₂O-H₂O were determined along with the crystallographic properties (X-ray and optical) of the solid phases. Toxicity and phosphite response was tested in greenhouse experiments for the compounds.     

微波辐射在联氨还原法制备金属Co纳米微粒中的应用

采用次亚磷酸钠为辅助还原剂,联氨为主还原剂,在微波辐射下还原钴盐制备六方结构o纳米粒子.采用透射电子显微镜和激光散射仪观察并测定纳米Co粒子的形貌、粒径大小及分布,确认Co纳米粒子为类球形,粒径为10～15nm.在正己烷中存在软团聚,团聚体平均尺寸约30nm.采用XPS考察产物的表面价态,证明金属Co纳米晶是以零价态存在的.     

Study of using aluminum hypophosphite as a flame retardant for low‐density polyethylene

Aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) was first used to improve the flame retardance of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). The flame‐retardant properties of LDPE composites were investigated by the limiting oxygen index, vertical burning test (UL‐94), microscale combustion calorimetry, and cone calorimeter tests. The results showed that the incorporation of AHP could improve the flame retardancy of LDPE dramatically, the limiting oxygen index of LDPE containing 50 phr AHP reached 27.5%, and the UL‐94 could pass V‐0 rating. The cone calorimeter test results indicated that PP/AHP composite exhibited superior performance, and the heat release rate and the total heat release of composites were significantly reduced. In addition, the strength of the char was improved with the load of AHP increased. The structure of the char was researched by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive spectrometer, and the results revealed that AHP promoted the formation of compact char layer. The TG‐FTIR analyses proved that AHP could react with LDPE to reduce the production of olefin in gas phase. Moreover, the structure of P–O–C was found, and the effective mechanism of AHP in LDPE composites was also hypothesized in this work.     

AHP/碱木质素聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能

对精制后的碱木质素进行羟甲基化改性,再利用改性后的羟甲基化碱木质素部分替代聚醚多元醇,采用一步发泡法与聚合MDI制备了羟甲基化木质素基聚氨酯泡沫材料。将次磷酸铝(AHP)作为阻燃剂添加到泡沫中制备了阻燃碱木质素聚氨酯泡沫,通过极限氧指数(LOI)测试分析了羟甲基化木质素基阻燃聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能。利用热重分析(TG)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别研究制得泡沫的热降解行为、成炭性能和残炭形貌。实验结果表明,当羟甲基化碱木质素替代聚醚多元醇的量为60%,次磷酸铝的添加量为30%时,碱木质素聚氨酯泡沫材料的极限氧指数(LOI)值达到了27.5%。因此,羟甲基化碱木质素和次磷酸铝使泡沫在燃烧时能更好的形成炭层,从而有效地隔绝空气,降低热传递,提高了材料的阻燃性能。     

异丙醇对泥磷制取次磷酸钠的影响研究

以泥磷为原料,异丙醇为分散剂制取次磷酸钠,考察温度、水磷摩尔比、碱磷摩尔比及分散剂的加入量对次磷酸钠得率和反应速率的影响。结果表明,最适宜反应条件为反应温度85℃,水磷摩尔比为110∶1,碱磷摩尔比为3.6∶1,异丙醇加入量为10 mL/20 g泥磷,活性炭加入量为6 g/20 g泥磷。     

Preparation of aluminum diethyl hypophosphite intercalation-modified montmorillonite AlPi-MMT and its effect on the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of thermoplastic polyester elastomer

An aluminum diethyl hypophosphite intercalation-modified montmorillonite flame retardant (AlPi-MMT) is successfully prepared and characterized by FT-IR, SEM, and X-ray diffraction. It is found that thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) composites incorporating 15 wt% AlPi-MMT flame retardant exhibited better char formation and flame retardant properties compared to those incorporating 15 wt% (4:1, w:w) AlPi and MMT. And the char residual of TPEE/AlPi-MMT at 700°C is 16.17%, which is higher than that of TPEE/AlPi-MMT at 13.94%. and the former can pass UL-94 V-0 rating test while the latter can only pass UL-94 V-1 rating test. Afterwards, the combustion performance of TPEE composites is characterized, and it is found that the heat release and smoke release of TPEE/AlPi-MMT are greatly reduced compared with those of pure TPEE and TPEE/AlPi/MMT, which is a flame retardant and smoke suppressant TPEE composite. Finally, by analyzing the residual char morphology and elements of TPEE composites after combustion, the mechanism of the flame retardant AlPi-MMT to promote char formation and flame retardancy is demonstrated.     

化学镀镍在高科技领域中的应用

本文阐述了化学镀镍在国内外的应用及前景；结合以次磷酸镍为原料的新方法制备的高质量NiP非晶态合金的新性能，介绍了化学镀镍在高科技领域中的应用。     

次磷酸钠工业生产过程中PH3尾气处理技术

对次磷酸钠工业生产过程中磷化氢尾气处理技术的进展进行了评述，对相应的技术开发提出了新的见解和建议。     

次亚磷酸钠体系化学镀镍的电化学研究

运用阳极扫描法他次亚磷酸钠体系化学镀镍在镍电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,化学镀镍的两个部分反应之间存在的强烈的相互作用; 亚磷酸钠的直接氧化产物不是Ｈ３ＰＯ３,其氧化行为受自身浓度、溶液温度、ｐＨ、扫描速度以及Ｎｉ＾２＋浓度的影响。