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Textured surface is commonly used to enhance the efficiency of silicon solar cells by reducing the overall reflectance and improving the light scattering. In this study, a comparison between isotropic and anisotropic etching methods was investigated. The deep funnel shaped structures with high aspect ratio are proposed for better light trapping with low reflectance in crystalline silicon solar cells. The anisotropic metal assisted chemical etching (MACE) was used to form the funnel shaped structures with various aspect ratios. The funnel shaped structures showed an average reflectance of 14.75% while it was 15.77% for the pillar shaped structures. The average reflectance was further reduced to 9.49% using deep funnel shaped structures with an aspect ratio of 1:1.18. The deep funnel shaped structures with high aspect ratios can be employed for high performance of crystalline silicon solar cells. 相似文献
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A flower‐shaped ultra‐wideband fractal antenna is presented. It comprises a fourth iterative flower‐shaped radiator, asymmetrical stub‐loaded feeding line, and coplanar quarter elliptical ground planes. A wide operating band of 12.12 GHz (4.58‐16.7 GHz) for S 11 ≤ ? 10 dB is achieved along with an overall antenna footprint of 15.7 × 11.4 mm2. In addition, other desirable characteristics, that is, omnidirectional radiation patterns, peak gain upto 5 dB, and fidelity factor more than 75% are achieved. A good agreement exists between the simulation and measured results. The obtained results illustrate that this antenna has wide operating range and compact dimensions than available structures. 相似文献
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Baizhan Li Chenqiu Du Hong Liu Wei Yu Jie Zheng Meilan Tan Zhenxing Jin Wenjie Li Jing Wu Lu Chen Runming Yao 《Indoor air》2019,29(2):308-319
The extensive research interests in environmental temperature can be linked to human productivity / performance as well as comfort and health; while the mechanisms of physiological indices responding to temperature variations remain incompletely understood. This study adopted a physiological sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) as a temperature‐sensitive biomarker to explore the thermoregulatory mechanisms of human responding to annual temperatures. The measurements of subjects’ SCV (over 600 samples) were conducted in a naturally ventilated environment over all four seasons. The results showed a positive correlation between SCV and annual temperatures and a Boltzmann model was adopted to depict the S‐shaped trend of SCV with operative temperatures from 5°C to 40°C. The SCV increased linearly with operative temperatures from 14.28°C to 20.5°C and responded sensitively for 10.19°C‐24.59°C, while tended to be stable beyond that. The subjects’ thermal sensations were linearly related to SCV, elaborating the relation between human physiological regulations and subjective thermal perception variations. The findings reveal the body SCV regulatory characteristics in different operative temperature intervals, thereby giving a deeper insight into human autonomic thermoregulation and benefiting for built environment designs, meantime minimizing the temperature‐invoked risks to human health and well‐being. 相似文献
5.
Design and Implementation of a Flexible Manufacturing Control System Using Neural Network 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Magdy M. Abdelhameed Farid A. Tolbah 《International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems》2002,14(3):263-279
Design and implementation of a sequential controller based on the concept of artificial neural networks for a flexible manufacturing system are presented. The recurrent neural network (RNN) type is used for such a purpose. Contrary to the programmable controller, an RNN-based sequential controller is based on a definite mathematical model rather than depending on experience and trial and error techniques. The proposed controller is also more flexible because it is not limited by the restrictions of the finite state automata theory. Adequate guidelines of how to construct an RNN-based sequential controller are presented. These guidelines are applied to different case studies. The proposed controller is tested by simulations and real-time experiments. These tests prove the successfulness of the proposed controller performances. Theoretical as well as experimental results are presented and discussed indicating that the proposed design procedure using Elman's RNN can be effective in designing a sequential controller for event-based type manufacturing systems. In addition, the simulation results assure the effectiveness of the proposed controller to outperform the effect of noisy inputs. 相似文献
6.
董祥国 《机械制造与自动化》2002,(6):17-19
根据三角旋转活塞发动机运动几何原理 ,详细分析了缸体型线。缸体的实际型线是双弧外摆线的等距曲线 ,并由此导出其数学表达式。本文进一步说明了两种几何运动实现方式 ,分析了参数的几何意义 ,并给出其表达式。 相似文献
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以姚河坝水电站引水隧洞50°倾角、长度为194.734m的斜井开挖为实例,从施工测量、开挖方法、通风防尘、临时支护斜井及安全施工等方面探讨长洞身、大倾角斜井在无爬罐条件下的人工开挖方法. 相似文献
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桐柏抽水蓄能电站斜井扩挖在总结以往类似工程施工经验的基础上,对提升系统、信号控制系统及扩挖钻爆等工艺进行了优化,开创了斜井施工的新局面。为我国抽水蓄能电站大洞径、长斜井开挖积累了宝贵的经验。 相似文献
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本文介绍红外热象技术在工程热物理研究中某些应用的探索。作为实例,通过热象技术,实验研究了具有水平凸台离散热源的倾斜板的散热,在研究它的自然对流换热部份结合利用激光全息干涉技术。此间着重于分析倾斜角对散热的影响。 相似文献