采用循环伏安法研究微孔型多孔炭电极的电容特性

以酚醛树脂为原料,KOH为活化剂,制备出3种不同孔径分布的微孔型多孔炭(孔径≤2 nm)。在低温氮气吸附法测定BET比表面积和孔结构的基础上,采用循环伏安法考察了这3种微孔型多孔炭作电极的双电层电容器(EDLC)的电容特性。实验结果表明,微孔型多孔炭作电极的EDLC的电容特性是:在低扫描速率下,其循环伏安曲线达到电容平台后在高电压(±1.0 V)附近出现峰电容;延长在电解液中的浸渍时间,电极的比电容增大,高电位附近的峰电容减小。3种不同孔径分布的微孔型多孔炭作电极的EDLC的循环伏安特性受浸渍时间影响的程度也不同。     

Micropore characterization using the Dubinin-Astakhov equation to analyze high pressure CO2 (273 K) adsorption data

The characterization of the pore structure of microporous materials is of interest because of the usefulness of these materials in many applications. Of these, the characterization of carbon adsorbents is particularly problematic because of the presence of small pores with size on the order of small molecules (micropores) along with a wide distribution of pore sizes, and their non-crystalline structure. In this paper, we present results obtained using the Dubinin-Astakhov equation to analyze data from high pressure CO₂ adsorption at 273 K to characterize two sets of microporous carbons. Our results support the conclusions of previous workers that the Dubinin-Astakhov (DA) equation is able to linearize adsorption data that gives rise to curved Dubinin-Radushkevich plots. However, when applied over different ranges of relative pressure on the adsorption isotherm, the Dubinin-Astakhov plots result in different values of micropore volume and characteristic adsorption potential. Furthermore, DA analysis of CO₂ (273 K) adsorption data over a wide range of pressures (10^–3–22000 Tort), gives results different from DA analysis of CO₂ (273 K) isotherms measured at low pressures only (10^–3–830 Tort). It would appear desirable to apply the DA equation to data that reflects the entire range of micropore filling on the adsorption isotherm, as opposed to data over a limited relative pressure range. For CO₂ adsorption at 273 K, this would necessitate adsorption studies at high pressures, to about 28 atm. Micropore volumes obtained in this manner, agreed with the total pore volumes determined by nitrogen (77 K) adsorption for all the activated carbons studied.     

PAC改善防水透湿涂层织物性能的研究

以聚阴离子纤维素（PAC）作为水性聚丙烯酸酯类DS330涂层剂的增稠剂（PAC与水以1：20质量比溶解配制成糊状胶液后添加使用）,利用其烘干成膜过程中脱水絮凝而破坏涂层膜局部连续性,并通过适当控制工艺条件形成大量符合要求的透湿微孔,从而大大改善了涂层织物的透湿性能。其透湿量达到了4400g／（m2·24h）,且硬挺度小、力学性能较好,可满足人们穿着舒适性要求,而且克服了纤维素类增稠弃3流平性差,易受微生物攻击等缺点,生产工艺简单、经济、环保。     

A comparison of desorption process of Chinese and Australian lignites by dynamic vapour sorption

Modified BET model and Do and Do (D.D.) model were chosen to interpret the desorption process of water on hard and soft lignites. The organic and inorganic hydrophilic sites were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy. From the modified BET model, only a small part of hydrophilic sites (HSs) acted as effective primary sites due to space restraint, intramolecular hydrogen bond and maybe more than one hydrophilic site connecting with one water molecule. From the D.D. model, the total adsorption sites (S_t) of Loy Yang lignite (LY) is 18.7 mmol/g, which is higher than that of Shengli (SL) 17.0 mmol/g in spite of lower primary sites, and the saturation concentration of water (q_us) in the micropore of LY is 33.7 mmol/g, which is much higher than that of SL (12.5 mmol/g). So the high moisture-holding capacity of LY is mainly determined by the high S_t and q_us, and not the primary sites. The size of water clusters entering the micropores is 7 for SL and 6 for LY, which is related to relative location of HS. When dewatered, the higher total sites density and smaller water cluster size of LY both implied higher dewatering energy.     

倒锥微孔阵列的激光微加工技术研究进展

激光微加工技术凭借其加工效率高、加工材料广泛、无物理损伤以及操控性强等优点在高精度机械部件的加工上有较好的应用前景,易加工出尺寸微小、数量庞大、高品质的倒锥微孔阵列.首先对激光加工微孔的工作原理和特点进行了介绍,综述了激光在加工微孔阵列、倒锥微孔以及倒锥微孔阵列的研究现状,详细介绍了准分子激光、飞秒激光、纳秒激光在加工...     

水热模板法制备的纳米微孔镍锌铁氧体

以镍、锌、铁的硫酸盐为原料、三乙胺和聚乙二醇作为模板剂,采用水热模板法制备了纳米镍锌铁氧体粉体,并通过红外光谱分析(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积检测(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)、密度测量等手段对样品进行表征.结果表明,水热模板法制备的纳米微孔镍锌铁氧体为尖晶石型;模板剂的引入使产物形成了孔结构,平均孔径为14 nm左右,且密度降低;SEM显示产物颗粒较小,粒度分布较均匀,分散性好.     

土壤中黑碳的分离及其孔结构分析

采用化学氧化法从土壤中提取黑碳样品,并用扫描电镜、吸附脱附等温线、H-K 微孔分布、BJH 中孔分布分析了土壤中黑碳的孔结构情况。     

微孔沸石对卷烟烟气中多环芳烃去除的机理研究

通过多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon,PAHs）荧蒽（fluoranthene,Flu）和蒽（anthracene,Ant）在微孔沸石Y、ZSM-5和NaA上的吸附和催化裂解实验,探讨了沸石对卷烟烟气中PAHs选择性去除作用机理。实验结果表明：Y型沸石能吸附和催化裂解Flu和Ant;ZSM-5沸石能吸附和催化裂解Ant而不能吸附Flu;NaA沸石受孔径限制,不能吸附和催化裂解Ant和Flu。然而,将这些沸石添加到卷烟中,它们都不同程度地减少了烟气中B[a]P、Ant和Flu的含量。结合沸石吸附PAHs的红外图谱及量子化学计算结果：微孔沸石对卷烟烟气中PAHs的去除不是直接吸附或催化降解,而是吸附了形成PAHs的中间体/前体从而减少了PAHs的生成。     

防水透湿织物的研究进展

介绍了防水透湿织物的分类、原理及测试方法,并分析了微孔质扩散和亲水性基团“吸附-扩散-解吸”传递水分的透湿机理.指出了目前常见的防水透湿织物防水性能和透湿性能测试中的不足,以及改进的方向.     

铁微粒的存在对沥青基球状活性炭微孔形成过程的影响

由添加二茂铁和不添加二茂铁沥青球制得了两类沥青基球状活性炭,比较了它们微孔结构及孔容等的异同点,研究了铁的存在对活性炭微孔形成过程的影响,考察了活化时间及活化温度对含铁沥青基球状活性炭微孔形成的影响。结果表明,铁的存在对活性炭的微孔分布没有明显影响,但却使活性炭微孔的比表面积和孔容有所下降。