Surface nanocrystallization of 7A04 aluminium alloy induced by circulation rolling plastic deformation

The surface nanocrystalline microstructures of 7A04 aluminium alloy was obtained by means of circulation rolling plastic deformation（CRPD）, the grain refinement behavior and the hardness variation were examined. X-ray diffraction（XRD） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM） were applied to characterize the microstructure of the surface layer. The experimental evidences show that, after the CRPD treatment, the mean grain size in the surface layer is about 50 nm. The microhardness of the nanostructured surface layers is enhanced significantly after CRPD compared with that of the matrix, which can be attributed primarily to the grain refinement. The microhardness at the top surface can reach about HV0.05335, while the value of the matrix is HV0.05160 or so. The surface hardening effect is obtained obviously. Besides, the thermal stability of nanocrystalline layer was investigated. The results of the XRD analysis and the microhardness measurement show that the nanocrystalline layer has better thermal-stability than the matrix. And the DSC measurement shows that the synthesis of nanostructured surface layer has influence on the phase transformation of 7A04 aluminum alloy.     

超音速微粒轰击表面纳米化及其对耐磨性的影响

采用超音速微粒轰击技术对20钢进行表面纳米化处理。研究了表面纳米化工艺对材料流失与形貌变化的影响，并采用往复磨损试验机研究了纳米化表面的磨损性能。结果表明：超音速微粒轰击在表面形成纳米层过程中使材料发生流失和表面粗糙度增大。在干摩擦和油润滑条件下，微粒轰击样品的磨损率分别是未轰击样品的2．77和1．83倍，轰击抛光样品的磨损率则比未轰击样品分别降低了26％和42％。对其影响耐磨性的原因作了初步讨论。     

高能喷丸表面纳米化对工业纯钛组织性能的影响

用高能振动喷丸法对工业纯钛进行了表面纳米化的研究。用X 射线衍射、光镜和透射电镜对表层变形层金相组织、晶粒尺寸、显微硬度进行分析。结果表明 ,具有密排六方晶体结构的工业纯钛经高能喷丸处理后 ,在表面可以形成具有一定厚度的纳米晶粒组织 ;随着高能喷丸时间的增加 ,表面层的晶粒尺寸变小 ,而表面硬度提高。     

钛合金表面高能喷丸纳米化后的组织与性能

通过光镜、扫描电镜、硬度仪和透射电镜对TC4钛合金表面高能喷丸纳米化后的金相组织、晶粒尺寸、显微硬度进行测试分析。结果表明,处理后材料表面平均晶粒尺寸达到了纳米量级;在横截面上沿深度方向的晶粒细化程度逐渐减小;随距被处理表面距离增加,硬度增加程度越来越小;随处理时间延长,表面硬度有增加的趋势。并对其纳米化机理进行了讨论。     

Surface nanocrystallization of commercial pure titanium by shot peening

The surface nanostructures of commercial pure titanium was realized by the modified shot peening equipment commonly used in industry through the special treatment process. The results show that high-energy-shot-peening(HESP) commonly used to prepare nanostructured surface layers can be achieved by the increase of pill size, pill speed, and treatment time in the commercial shot peening equipment. XRD, SEM and TEM were used to characterize the surface layer microstructure of treated specimens. The analytic results show that the main deformation mode of commercial pure Ti is twinning. At the beginning of deformation, the dislocations are formed and twins occur within or on plane, then twins in intersection plane appear, and at last the twin characteristics disappear in the surface layer after longer treatment time. The deformation layer depth increases with treatment time in a certain period when the pill size and speed are unchanged. And in the severe plastic deformation (SPD) layer in which the twins are not identified easily by using SEM, the nanocrystalline microstructures are found under TEM. The finest grain size in the surface layer is about 40 nm, and the depth of nanostructured layers is over 60 μm. The microhardness of the nanostructured surface layers is enhanced significantly after shot peening compared with that of the initial simple.     

表面纳米化对1Cr17不锈钢耐氧化性的影响

用热重仪（TGA）、X-射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）及其能谱（EDX），研究了表面纳米化对1Cr17不锈钢在700℃水蒸气中耐氧化性的影响。氧化动力学表明，在氧化开始阶段，表面纳米化后氧化速度高于原始样品，与传统喷丸处理后的耐氧化性能相当，但在氧化2小时时就很快达到钝化，氧化速度明显低于原始样品和经传统喷丸的样品。无论是否纳米化处理和经过传统喷丸处理，高温氧化时都在表面部形成T（FeCr）2O3型氧化物。但表面纳米化后由于表层高密度的晶界为Cr原子的扩散提供了快速通道，使得（FeCr）203型氧化物中Cr的浓度迅速提高，形成了致密的Cr2O3层，使得耐氧化性能提高。     

铝合金表面纳米化处理及显微结构特征

采用高能喷丸技术在1420铝合金上制备出纳米晶结构表层,利用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜及高分辨电子显微镜研究由表层沿厚度方向的结构变化特征,并对硬度沿厚度方向的变化进行分析.结果表明:经过表面高能喷丸处理,样品表面形成了厚度约为20μm的纳米晶层,平均晶粒尺寸由约20 nm逐渐增加到约100nm;距表层约20～50 μm为亚微细晶层;表面纳米化的程度与塑性变形量有关;表面纳米化是通过位错滑移的塑性变形方式实现的;与样品的内部相比,表面硬度显著提高.     

超音速微粒高能轰击16MnR钢表面纳米化的研究

采用冷气动力超音速微粒高能轰击技术对16MnR低合金钢表面进行处理,利用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X衍射方法对基体表面的微观形貌和结构进行分析.试验结果表明:试样经过超音速微粒轰击处理后可以使表层晶粒细化至纳米量级,平均晶粒的尺寸为14.2 nm;处理后表层主要产生压应力;处理后表层的显微硬度增加.     

38CrSi钢表面纳米结构层力学性能的研究

采用超音速微粒轰击技术在38CrSi合金钢表面制备了厚度约为25μm纳米晶层.利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜对表面结构进行分析.纳米结构层的最表面层的晶粒尺寸约为16nm,晶粒尺寸随着距表面距离的增加而增大.利用纳米压痕仪对表面纳米结构层的力学性能进行研究,结果表明,当表面晶粒尺寸降低到纳米量级时力学性能明显改善,最表面纳米结构层的硬度是基体的2倍左右,并服从Hall-Petch关系;表面纳米结构层的弹性恢复系数明显提高;利用该方法制备的纳米晶对弹性模量的影响较小;对表面纳米化样品进行低温退火处理可使纳米结构层的性能更加稳定.分析表明表面纳米结构层力学性能的改善主要是表面晶粒细化的结果.     

循环载荷对USSP处理TC4表层残余应力场影响研究

采用超声喷丸技术(USSP)处理TC4试样,再进行四点弯曲疲劳加载。采用X射线应力仪测试疲劳加载前后残余应力分布;利用TEM设备,对疲劳加载前后TC4组织结构进行表征。结果表明,经表面纳米化处理后,TC4合金的最大残余应力已超过自身的屈服强度;当外加载荷高于疲劳极限时,残余应力场明显减弱;当外加载荷接近或小于疲劳极限时,循环周次与载荷的增减不再明显改变残余应力场;位错及位错胞在疲劳过程中发生了组态和数量的变化,位错密度的降低导致了残余压应力的松弛。