樟芝多糖通过降低NLRP3 Caspase1炎性小体表达改善帕金森小鼠神经行为学的机制研究

目的:研究樟芝多糖通过降低NLRP3-Caspase1炎性小体表达改善6-OHDA构建的帕金森小鼠模型的行为学机制。方法:利用6-OHDA脑内注射构建帕金森小鼠模型，通过酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）免疫组化染色和行为学判定小鼠模型的构建成功。利用樟芝多糖进行干预，分别在干预前、干预后的第1、3、7天4个时间点进行神经行为学实验，分别采用转棒实验、爬杆实验检测小鼠自主行为能力以及协调能力，4个时间点取小鼠尾静脉外周血采用ELISA法检测外周血中Caspase1和IL-1β的表达，樟芝多糖干预第7天时待进行完行为学实验后小鼠断颈处死，取小鼠脑组织-纹状体，Western blot法检测纹状体中Caspase1、proCaspase1、NLRP3的表达，高效液相色谱检测纹状体中单胺类神经递质的表达，RT-QPCR检测Caspase1、NLRP3、IL-1β、IL-4、IL-6的mRNA表达。NISSl染色检测小鼠脑组织神经细胞凋亡情况。 结果:6-OHDA脑内注射可以造成小鼠帕金森样病变，且TH蛋白表达显著下调，樟芝多糖干预后小鼠的行为学得到显著改善（P<0.05），纹状体中Caspase1、proCaspase1、NLRP3的表达显著下调，与模型小鼠相比具有统计学差异（P<0.05），且相关炎症因子Caspase1、NLRP3、IL-1β、IL-4、IL-6的mRNA表达下调（P<0.05），纹状体中单胺类神经递质表达上升（P<0.05）。结论:樟芝多糖可以通过下调NLRP3-Caspase1炎性小体表达来改善6-OHDA构建的帕金森小鼠模型行为改善，这可能是樟芝多糖治疗帕金森的机制之一。     

Fetal Neurobehavioral Development: A Tale of Two Cities.

Longitudinal neurobehavioral development was examined in 237 fetuses of low-risk pregnancies from 2 distinct populations-Baltimore, Maryland, and Lima. Peru-at 20. 24. 28. 32, 36. and 38 weeks gestation. Data were based on digitized Doppler-based fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal movement (FM). In both groups. FHR declined while variability, episodic accelerations, and FM-FHR coupling increased, with discontinuities evident between 28 and 32 weeks gestation. Fetuses in Lima had higher FHR and lower variability, accelerations, and FM-FHR coupling. Declines in trajectories were typically observed 1 month sooner in Lima, which magnified these disparities. Motor activity differences were less consistent. No sex differences in fetal neurobehaviors were detected. It is concluded that population factors can influence the developmental niche of the fetus. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

柔和背景音乐对脑力劳动绩效的影响

该文采用17项神经行为能力测试,定量地测量人员的感知、记忆、推理等多方面能力,并结合对情绪、烦躁度以及头疼等病态综合症状的主观问卷调查,通过实验研究了柔和背景音乐对人员脑力劳动绩效的影响。结果表明,柔和、慢节奏的背景音乐对人员脑力劳动绩效和情绪没有积极作用,相反,在背景音乐环境下受试者的不舒适、耳痛和头疼症状有所增加,其复杂脑力劳动任务的绩效显著下降。因此,对从事复杂的、认知资源需求较高的脑力劳动的人,其工作环境中不宜添加背景音乐。     

Social dominance mediates the association of testosterone and neurobehavioral disinhibition with risk for substance use disorder.

This investigation determined the influence of testosterone and neurobehavioral disinhibition (ND) on risk for substance use disorder (SUD). Testosterone level during puberty was hypothesized to promote social dominance associated with norm-violating behavior that, in turn, predisposes individuals to use of illicit drugs and, subsequently, SUD. Using a prospective paradigm, the authors recruited 179 boys (mean age=11.62 years, SD=0.88) and followed up when participants were ages 12-14, 16, 19, and 22. Results indicated that social dominance/norm-violating behavior (SD/NVB) at age 16 mediated the association between testosterone level (ages 12-14) and SUD (age 22). In addition, SD/NVB mediated the association between ND and SUD. These findings suggest that development of SUD is influenced by androgen-dependent and neurobehavioral processes via a social motivational style characterized by SD/NVB. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Association Among Parental Substance Use Disorder, P300 Amplitude, and Neurobehavioral Disinhibition in Preteen Boys at High Risk for Substance Use Disorder.

The P300 amplitude of the event-related potential as a mediator of the association between parental substance use disorder (SUD) and child's neurobehavioral disinhibition was assessed. The P300 amplitude was recorded using an oddball task in sons of fathers having either lifetime SUD (n = 105) or no psychiatric disorder (n = 160). Neurobehavioral disinhibition was assessed using measures of affect regulation, behavior control, and executive cognitive function. Parental SUD and child's P300 amplitude accounted for, respectively, 16.6% and 16.8% of neurobehavioral disinhibition variance. Controlling for parental and child psychopathology, an association between parental SUD and child's P300 amplitude was not observed. It was concluded that the P300 amplitude does not mediate the association between parental SUD and child's neurobehavioral disinhibition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

铅的神经行为学毒性研究进展

铅和铅化合物暴露来源广泛,可通过消化道、呼吸道和皮肤接触进入人体,且可危害神经系统、心血管系统、肾脏等多个器官/系统。近年来,铅污染和人群暴露在许多国家得到了较有效的控制,但低水平铅暴露的危害仍然得到了学术界的广泛关注。本文就铅的动物毒理学实验,铅对神经行为功能影响的作用模式,铅暴露(尤其是低水平铅暴露,血铅水平5μg/d L)与儿童智力发育损害、注意力缺陷多动征、行为过失的关联,铅暴露对成人认知功能和心理状态的影响等证据作一综述,为铅神经毒性的进一步研究及控制铅暴露措施的制定提供科学依据。     

The behavioral sequela following the prevention of home-cage grid-climbing activity in C57BL/6 mice.

Several studies have demonstrated that the early postweaning phase (3-7 weeks of age) is a crucial ontogenic period for rodent neurobehavioral development. During this phase, both brain and behavior are highly sensitive to environmental variations (i.e., changes in the standard housing conditions). In the present study, male and female C57BL/6 mice were housed at weaning in cages provided with a Plexiglas lid, and thus, they were deprived of the opportunity to perform climbing activity on the cage grid--a major component of mouse behavior in standard laboratory environments. At early adulthood (7-10 weeks old), mice underwent an extensive battery of behavioral tests. The present study demonstrates for the first time the psychological, sex-specific relevance of home-cage grid-climbing activity in mice, showing that its prevention alters fear-conditioned responses in mice of both sexes and induces psychotic-like and anxious behaviors in females only. The data further highlight the importance of the early postweaning phase for the study of environmentally induced neurobehavioral plasticity and the design of animal models of psychiatric disorders on the basis of environmental manipulation in early postweaning life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Alcoholism and judgments of affective stimuli.

This study sought to differentiate alcoholism-related changes in judgments of emotional stimuli from those of other populations in which such changes have been documented. Two sets of visual stimuli, one containing words and the other containing drawings of faces (representing a range of emotional content), were presented to abstinent alcoholic adults with and without Korsakoff's syndrome, as well as to a healthy control group and four groups of patients with other neurobehavioral disorders: Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Participants rated the stimuli according to emotional valence and intensity of emotion. Results implicated bi-hemispheric frontal and subcortical involvement in the abnormalities of emotion identification associated with alcoholism, and they also support the notion of age-related vulnerabilities in conjunction with alcoholism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Preinjury Personality Traits and the Prediction of Early Neurobehavioral Symptoms Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To determine if preinjury personality predicts early outcome in mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) compared with orthopedic injury (OI). Study Design: Participants and significant others (SO) completed preinjury personality and early postinjury symptom questionnaires. Setting: Inpatient hospital and outpatient follow-up. Subjects: Eighty-seven people with MTBI and 82 with OI. Outcome Measures: NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R); Neurobehavioral Functioning Inventory (NFI). Results: Personality ratings and symptom endorsement were within normal limits. Concordance between self- and SO ratings was moderate (r≥.50). In both groups, there were very modest associations between preinjury personality and early symptoms. Significant effects were primarily due to overlapping item content between the personality and symptom questionnaires. Conclusions: Preinjury personality holds limited predictive value for MTBI outcome. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

交通警察神经行为功能状态的研究

为了解交通污染对交警神经行为功能的影响，选择某市有代表性的５个交通路口交警环境监测，并对该市外勤交警进行神经行为功能测试。结果如下：噪声昼Ｌｅｑ日均值为７８６ｄＢ（Ａ），超过国家标准１２．３％，空气中Ｐｂ和ＣＯ平均浓度为３．３８μｇ／ｍ３、４．３９ｍｇ／ｍ３。交警自觉症状发生率明显高于对照组；排除有关影响因素后，在ＮＣＴＢ测试的情感特征、数字跨度等五方面，交警组较对照组有显著性差异。提示：交警的神经行为功能变化与交通污染有关。