First-Void Urine Microbiome in Women with Chlamydia trachomatis Infection

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the agent of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Until now, little information is available about the microbial composition of urine samples during CT urethritis. Therefore, in this study, we characterized the microbiome and metabolome profiles of first-void urines in a cohort of women with CT urethral infection attending an STI clinic. Methods: Based on CT positivity by nucleic acid amplification techniques on urine samples, the enrolled women were divided into two groups, i.e., “CT-negative” (n = 21) and “CT-positive” (n = 11). Urine samples were employed for (i) the microbiome profile analysis by means of 16s rRNA gene sequencing and (ii) the metabolome analysis by ¹H-NMR. Results: Irrespective of CT infection, the microbiome of first-void urines was mainly dominated by Lactobacillus, L. iners and L. crispatus being the most represented species. CT-positive samples were characterized by reduced microbial biodiversity compared to the controls. Moreover, a significant reduction of the Mycoplasmataceae family—in particular, of the Ureaplasma parvum species—was observed during CT infection. The Chlamydia genus was positively correlated with urine hippurate and lactulose. Conclusions: These data can help elucidate the pathogenesis of chlamydial urogenital infections, as well as to set up innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.     

非淋菌性泌尿生殖道感染患者支原体培养及药敏分析

目的 了解非淋菌性泌尿生殖道感染患者解脲(Uu) 和人型支原体(Mh) 感染及耐药情况, 以指导临床合理用药。 方法 采用支原体培养、鉴定、药敏一体化试剂盒对472 例非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU) 患者进行支原体培养及药敏试验。 结果 472 例中阳性153 例, 感染率为32.42 %。其中Uu 阳性112 例(23.73 %), Mh 阳性11 例(2.33 %), 混合感染30 例(6.36 %), 女性感染率显著高于男性(χ²=4.157, P<0.05)。支原体敏感性最高的是强力霉素、美满霉素(96.1 %、94.8 %), 耐药率最高的是乙酰螺旋霉素、红霉素(69.3 %、60.1 %)。 结论 支原体在体外对多种抗菌药物耐药现象严重, 治疗宜首选强力霉素、美满霉素或交沙霉素。