Stereological estimation of the total volume of MR visible brain lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis

Point counting represents a convenient and efficient technique for estimating the area of transects through multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions on magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained for sections through the brain. When sectioning has been performed according to the Cavalieri method, unbiased estimates of the total volume of MR-visible MS plaques can be obtained with a precision of 3–5% in 5–10 min.     

不锈钢粉尘内配煤团块高温自还原过程中金属铁的聚集

用不锈钢生产中的高碱度二次粉尘制备内配煤团块,在高温下自还原获得含铬、镍的金属铁粒.研究影响铁粒聚集长大的因素.研究表明：（1）内配煤团块的渣相碱度（w（CaO）/w（SiO2））小于2.8时,还原产物冷却过程中渣相与金属铁粒才能自然分离.碱度越低,渣量越大,越不利于金属铁聚集长大;（2）提高内配碳比,渣相残碳量明显升高,渣中过量的碳阻碍金属相聚集长大;（3）提高还原温度,直接还原铁的海绵状结构解体,逐渐聚集成颗粒状金属铁.还原温度越高,越有利于金属铁的聚集长大     

电极端面尺寸对IF钢镀锌板点焊性能的影响

对DX54D冷轧IF钢镀锌板进行点焊试验,研究了焊接工艺参数及电极端面尺寸对镀锌板点焊性能、焊点拉剪性能及熔核尺寸的影响。结果表明:随着焊接电流的增加,焊点的拉剪强度和熔核尺寸均增大,当电流过大而发生飞溅时,焊点的拉剪强度和熔核尺寸开始降低。随着电极端面半径的减小,电极与工件的实际接触面积减小,引起电流密度升高,导致在相同焊接时间条件下得到相同熔核尺寸和焊点拉剪强度所需焊接电流降低。     

钢/铝异种金属点焊研究进展综述

基于电阻点焊过程中工艺信号特征,在不同间距、不同间隙和不同间距与间隙3种条件下,引入相关性分析方法分析工艺信号与熔核直径之间的相关性,并建立基于麻雀搜索算法-BP神经网络(sparrow search algorithm- back propagation neural network, SSA-BP)的电阻点焊质量预测模型,将功率、焊接电流、焊接电压和动态电阻作为预测模型输入特征. 结果表明,经麻雀搜索算法优化后的BP神经网络在测试集上的决定系数R²、均方误差(mean-square error, MSE)、均方根误差(root mean square error, RMSE)和平均绝对误差(mean absolute error, MAE)分别为0.95,1.55,1.24和0.90,均优于BP模型. 获得了功率、焊接电流、焊接电压和动态电阻与熔核直径的映射关系,可为焊接的工艺参数设计提供依据.

     

管板单边电阻点焊环状焊点力学性能分析

电阻点焊接头的焊接强度由母材和熔核的材料属性及几何特征决定.管板单边电阻点焊由于其焊接结构的特殊性,生成熔核的外形为环状,其强度不能用传统的圆形焊点强度经验公式计算.环状熔核的特征影响因素复杂,物理试验存在不确定性,通过大量试验方法难以建立焊接强度和影响因素之间的关系.基于拉剪试验原理,采用计算机模拟试验和试验设计方法,设计试验并统计得出低碳钢焊接强度和环状熔核几何特征因素之间的关系,并对其影响规律做了深入研究,为环状熔核质量的评估提供了依据.     

电阻点焊质量在线无损估测

采用动态电阻法建立了低碳钢电阻点焊熔核直径的人工神经网络模型,该模型为3层BP向前网络结构,通过大量正交试验训练获得其模型数据。将模型数据移植到C语言中,建立了熔核直径在线估测系统。该系统有望应用于实际生产的质量监控。     

Magnetism-current inverse image reconstruction of the nugget in aluminum alloy spot welding based on ART algorithm

In this work, the computer tomography (CT) theory and its reconstruction algorithm were used to deal with the magnetism-current inverse problem in the resistance spot welding (RSW). At first, the magnetic fields around the nugget were detected. Then, the current distribution of the nugget section was calculated by reconstruction algorithm. At last, we changed the current distribution data into a graph using Matlab. The inversed graph of the nugget-section current distribution in the inverted RSW can be achieved, and by this graph the details of the nugget can be observed directly, which can help evaluate the joint quality.     

2A12铝合金搅拌摩擦焊温度场及接头组织分析

为了获得2A12铝合金搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)焊接过程中焊接温度场的动态演变和焊接热循环曲线的变化规律,探索焊接热作用过程与接头微观组织的内在联系,利用ANSYS软件,建立了搅拌摩擦焊接传热过程的有限元数值分析模型,对6 mm厚2A12铝合金FSW焊接过程进行了数值分析,观察了焊核区、热力影响区、热影响区和母材的显微组织,分析了接头不同区域所经历的热作用和机械作用。结果表明,焊核区实质为焊接过程中温度超过了母材实际再结晶温度的区域;焊核区上部、焊核区下部、热力影响区、热影响区的显微组织特征与各自所经历的热-力复合作用具有密切的内在联系。     

Enhancing nugget size and weldable current range of ultra-high-strength steel using multi-pulse resistance spot welding

ABSTRACT

This paper presents an innovative approach that uses a pulse-profile to improve the welding quality of CP1180 steel in resistance spot welding process. Three pulses with two cooling times were used in the developed multi-pulse welding (MPW) schedule. The experimental results show that the first pulse increases the contact area between the sheets to improve the current flow pattern. The second pulse was designed to extend the sheet-to-sheet contact area and corona bond for preventing rapid nugget growth. Using these designs, the nugget size was maximised through the third pulse. The maximum nugget size using the designed MPW schedule was 18.5% greater than that of the single-pulse welding schedule and the weldable current range was extended by 130%.     

材料性能对搅拌摩擦焊焊缝成形的影响

采用左螺纹圆柱搅拌头对O态和T4态2024铝合金进行搅拌摩擦焊接试验,研究了材料性能对搅拌摩擦焊焊缝成形的影响,并用软性约束分析了材料性能对焊核尺寸的影响。试验结果表明：焊缝形貌受焊核周边金属约束的影响,约束程度与材料力学性能和温度有关。O态2024铝合金对接焊时,软性约束体对塑性金属横向迁移的约束小,焊核面积和焊核宽度较T4态2024铝合金的焊核面积和焊核宽度大。两种热处理状态2024铝合金对接焊时,强度和硬度较高的T4态2024铝合金置于返回边时,在焊缝两侧、前进边的软性约束体对塑性金属的约束较返回边的软性约束体对塑性金属的约束强,焊核向返回边偏移;由于在返回边有更多的塑性金属,使其沿焊缝厚度方向向上的运动趋势增强,因此返回边的焊核高度较前进边的焊核高度高。对T4态2024铝合金进行适当的预热,会增强焊缝金属的塑化程度,使其向焊缝两侧的迁移运动趋势增强,焊核宽度及面积增大。