ICP-AES法测定抗癌药物奥沙利铂中微量银、钯、镉

将试样先灼烧,HCl- HNO3溶解后,在20%盐酸介质中,用ICP-AES法直接测定抗癌药物奥沙利铂中微量银、钯、镉.对试样处理方法、元素分析谱线、基体铂的影响、背景校正、仪器分析参数等进行了研究,确定了最佳实验条件.测定范围为0.0005%～0.12%,加标回收率为96.4%～106.3%,相对标准偏差为2.53%～3.64%.方法操作简便、快速、准确.     

奥沙利铂对人Burkitt-Raji细胞生长抑制与凋亡的影响

目的观察奥沙利铂对人Burkitt-Raji细胞的生长抑制和凋亡作用。方法将浓度为0、6.25、12.5、25、50、100μg.mL-1的奥沙利铂与人Burkitt-Raji细胞分别作用24、36、48 h,用CCK-8法检测奥沙利铂对人Burkitt-Raji细胞的生长抑制率,流式细胞仪分析细胞周期的变化、检测细胞凋亡率,用免疫组化的方法检测奥沙利铂对人Bur-kitt-Raji细胞ki-67蛋白、bax蛋白的影响。结果奥沙利铂对人Burkitt-Raji细胞有生长抑制、促凋亡作用,其对人Burkitt-Raji细胞的生长抑制率随药物浓度和作用时间的增加而增大,流式细胞仪分析显示奥沙利铂将人Bur-kitt-Raji细胞阻滞于G2/M期。奥沙利铂浓度为100μg.mL-1作用48 h,Raji细胞生长抑制率为（94.73±1.40）%,Raji细胞的早期凋亡率为（8.25±1.79）%、晚期凋亡和继发坏死率为（14.61±2.18）%。结论奥沙利铂能够抑制人Burkitt-Raji细胞的增殖,可诱导人Burkitt-Raji细胞发生一定的凋亡。     

The Effect of Cucurbit[7]uril on the Antitumor and Immunomodulating Properties of Oxaliplatin and Carboplatin

Cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) is a molecular container that may form host–guest complexes with platinum(II) anticancer drugs and modulate their efficacy and safety. In this paper, we report our studies of the effect of CB[7]–oxaliplatin complex and the mixture of CB[7] and carboplatin (1:1) on viability and proliferation of a primary cell culture (peripheral blood mononuclear cells), two tumor cell lines (B16 and K562) and their activity in the animal model of melanoma. At the same time, we studied the impact of platinum (II) drugs with CB[7] on T cells and B cells in vitro. Although the stable CB[7]–carboplatin complex was not formed, the presence of cucurbit[7]uril affected the biological properties of carboplatin. In vivo, CB[7] increased the antitumor effect of carboplatin, but, at the same time, increased its acute toxicity. Compared to free oxaliplatin, its complex with CB[7] shows a greater cytotoxic effect on tumor cell lines B16 and K562, while in vivo, the effects of the free drug and encapsulated drug were comparable. However, in vivo studies also demonstrated that the encapsulation of oxaliplatin in CB[7] lowered the toxicity of the drug.     

Looking to the future: biomarkers in the management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

The incidence and mortality of pancreas cancer converge. There has been little advancement in the treatment of pancreas cancer since the acceptance of gemcitabine as the standard therapy. Unfortunately, the efficacy of gemcitabine is dismal. While there is much discussion for the development of biomarkers to help direct therapy in this area, there is little action to move them into clinical practice. Herein, we review potential pancreatic cancer biomarkers and discuss the limitations in their implementation.     

Multiplexed-Based Assessment of DNA Damage Response to Chemotherapies Using Cell Imaging Cytometry

The current methods for measuring the DNA damage response (DDR) are relatively labor-intensive and usually based on Western blotting, flow cytometry, and/or confocal immunofluorescence analyses. They require many cells and are often limited to the assessment of a single or few proteins. Here, we used the Celigo^® image cytometer to evaluate the cell response to DNA-damaging agents based on a panel of biomarkers associated with the main DDR signaling pathways. We investigated the cytostatic or/and the cytotoxic effects of these drugs using simultaneous propidium iodide and calcein-AM staining. We also describe new dedicated multiplexed protocols to investigate the qualitative (phosphorylation) or the quantitative changes of eleven DDR markers (H2AX, DNA-PKcs, ATR, ATM, CHK1, CHK2, 53BP1, NBS1, RAD51, P53, P21). The results of our study clearly show the advantage of using this methodology because the multiplexed-based evaluation of these markers can be performed in a single experiment using the standard 384-well plate format. The analyses of multiple DDR markers together with the cell cycle status provide valuable insights into the mechanism of action of investigational drugs that induce DNA damage in a time- and cost-effective manner due to the low amounts of antibodies and reagents required.     

Modulation by Ozone Therapy of Oxidative Stress in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: The Background for a Randomized Clinical Trial

(1) Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) decreases the quality of life of patients and can lead to a dose reduction and/or the interruption of chemotherapy treatment, limiting its effectiveness. Potential pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of CIPN include chronic oxidative stress and subsequent increase in free radicals and proinflammatory cytokines. Approaches for the treatment of CIPN are highly limited in their number and efficacy, although several antioxidant-based therapies have been tried. On the other hand, ozone therapy can induce an adaptive antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response, which could be potentially useful in the management of CIPN. (2) Methods: The aims of this works are: (a) to summarize the potential mechanisms that could induce CIPN by the most relevant drugs (platinum, taxanes, vinca alkaloids, and bortezomib), with particular focus on the role of oxidative stress; (b) to summarize the current situation of prophylactic and treatment approaches; (c) to describe the action mechanisms of ozone therapy to modify oxidative stress and inflammation with its potential repercussions for CIPN; (d) to describe related experimental and clinical reports with ozone therapy in chemo-induced neurologic symptoms and CIPN; and (e) to show the main details about an ongoing focused clinical trial. (3) Results: A wide background relating to the mechanisms of action and a small number of experimental and clinical reports suggest that ozone therapy could be useful to prevent or improve CIPN. (4) Conclusions: Currently, there are no clinically relevant approaches for the prevention and treatment of stablished CIPN. The potential role of ozone therapy in this syndrome merits further research. Randomized controlled trials are ongoing.     

Platinum-Based Drugs Cause Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cultured Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons

Cisplatin and oxaliplatin are treatment options for a variety of cancer types. While highly efficient in killing cancer cells, both chemotherapeutics cause severe side effects, e.g., peripheral neuropathies. Using a cell viability assay, a mitochondrial stress assay, and live-cell imaging, the effects of cis- or oxaliplatin on the mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial and cytosolic calcium concentration of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1)- or vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-positive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of adult Wistar rats were determined. Mitochondrial functions were impaired after exposure to cis- or oxaliplatin by mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I-III inhibition. The basal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-linked respiration were decreased after exposure to 10 µM cis- or oxaliplatin. The ROS production showed an immediate increase, and after reaching the peak, ROS production dropped. Calcium imaging showed an increase in the cytosolic calcium concentration during exposure to 10 µM cis- or oxaliplatin in TRPA1- or TRPV1-positive DRG neurons while the mitochondrial calcium concentration continuously decreased. Our data demonstrate a significant effect of cis- and oxaliplatin on mitochondrial function as an early event of platinum-based drug exposure, suggesting mitochondria as a potential target for preventing chemotherapy-induced neuropathy.