The intervalley X6→Γ6, L6 scattering time in GaAs measured by ultrafast pump-probe infrared absorption spectroscopy

A direct measurement of the dynamics of electrons in the X₆ valley for a GaAs crystal by time-resolved absorption spectroscopy is reported for the first time. IR picosecond probe pulses were used to monitor the growth and decay of the population in the X₆ valley subsequent to excitation by a 527 nm pump pulse. The intervalley X₆→Γ₆, L₆ scattering time t_x of 0.70 ± 0.50 ps is determined and the crossection for the X₆→X₇ transition is estimated to be 1.8 × 10⁻¹⁶ cm².     

Disinfection of wastewaters: high-energy electron vs gamma irradiation

A study was undertaken to examine the sensitivity of a wastewater population of coliphage, total coliforms and total flora present in raw sewage and secondary effluent after irradiating with similar doses delivered by a high-energy electron beam and y -radiation. The electron beam study was conducted on a large scale at the Virginia Key Wastewater Treatment Plant, Miami, Fla. The facility is equipped with a 1.5 MeV, 50 mA electron accelerator, with a wastewater flow rate of 8 ls⁻¹. Concurrent y-radiation studies were conducted at laboratory scale using a 5000 Ci, ⁶⁰Co y -source. Three logs reduction of all three test organisms were observed at an electron beam dose of 500 krads, while at least four logs reduction were observed at the same dose utilizing the y-source.     

辐射化学基础理论研究现状 Ⅰ.初级辐解产物

本文着重于辐射作用于物质最初生成的产物,包括激发态的离子与分子,能量超过热能的次级电子等的反应以及电荷和激发能的转移,并试图论述它们的最新发展。     

Role of Chiral Configuration in the Photoinduced Interaction of D- and L-Tryptophan with Optical Isomers of Ketoprofen in Linked Systems

The study of the L- and D-amino acid properties in proteins and peptides has attracted considerable attention in recent years, as the replacement of even one L-amino acid by its D-analogue due to aging of the body is resulted in a number of pathological conditions, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. A recent trend is using short model systems to study the peculiarities of proteins with D-amino acids. In this report, the comparison of the excited states quenching of L- and D-tryptophan (Trp) in a model donor–acceptor dyad with (R)- and (S)-ketoprofen (KP-Trp) was carried out by photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) and fluorescence spectroscopy. Quenching of the Trp excited states, which occurs via two mechanisms: prevailing resonance energy transfer (RET) and electron transfer (ET), indeed demonstrates some peculiarities for all three studied configurations of the dyad: (R,S)-, (S,R)-, and (S,S)-. Thus, the ET efficiency is identical for (S,R)- and (R,S)-enantiomers, while RET differs by 1.6 times. For (S,S)-, the CIDNP coefficient is almost an order of magnitude greater than for (R,S)- and (S,R)-. To understand the source of this difference, hyperpolarization of (S,S)-and (R,S)- has been calculated using theory involving the electron dipole–dipole interaction in the secular equation.     

Induction of DNA-double-strand breaks by auger electrons from 99mTc complexes with DNA-binding ligands

The potential of certain Auger electron emitting nuclides for systemic radiotherapeutic applications has recently gained much attention. In particular, the ability of several nuclides, including 111In, 125I, and 123I, to induce DNA double-strand breaks (dsb), a good indicator of cytotoxicity, has been extensively studied. However, this ability has never previously been shown experimentally for 99mTc, which, besides the well-known gamma radiation that is used for diagnostic applications, also emits an average of 1.1 conversion electrons and 4 Auger or Coster-Kronig electrons per decay. Owing to the short range of Auger electrons, the radionuclide needs to be located very close to the DNA for dsb to occur. We synthesized two cationic 99mTcI-tricarbonyl complexes with pendant DNA binders, pyrene and anthraquinone. The X-ray crystal structures of the two complexes could be elucidated. Linear dichroism and UV/Vis spectroscopy revealed that the complex with pyrene intercalates DNA with a stability constant, K, of 1.1 x 10(6) M(-1), while the analogous complex with anthraquinone interacts with DNA in a groove-binding mode and has an affinity value of K=8.9 x 10(4) M(-1). We showed with phiX174 double-stranded DNA that the corresponding 99mTc complexes induce a significant amount of dsb, whereas non-DNA-binding [TcO4]- and nonradioactive Re compounds did not. These results indicate that the Auger electron emitter 99mTc can induce dsb in DNA when decaying in its direct vicinity and this implies potential for systemic radiotherapy with 99mTc complexes.     

纳米TiO2-SnO2复合薄膜的光生阴极保护作用及机理研究

用溶胶-凝胶法和旋转涂膜技术在导电玻璃(ITO)表面构筑纳米TiO2膜和纳米TiO2-SnO2复合膜,应用AFM、XRD对膜的形貌及晶体结构进行表征.用光电化学和腐蚀电化学相结合技术,通过测试时间-电位曲线和交流阻抗谱研究光生阴极保护状态下316L不锈钢电极在0.5 mol/L NaCl溶液中的微观界面电荷分布及电子传递规律,探讨光生阴极保护的作用机理.结果表明以TiO2-SnO2复合膜作为光生阳极时,在紫外光照下,316L不锈钢电极可处在阴极保护状态,并且在切断光源后,光生电极电位仍可在较长的一段时间内维持在-0.2 V左右,仍具有一定的阴极保护作用.     

X射线及低能γ光子在金属箔透射面的光致电子发射产额

采用改进的密立根光电流测量法,在透射方向测量了＾２４１Ａｍ放射源的Ｘ射线及低能γ光子在透过不同厚度的Ａｌ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｔａ及Ｗ箔时光致电子发射的产额。结果表明：光致电子发射产额在样品厚度范围内随箔厚的增加而减少;在高原子序数材料中将产生更多的光致电子发射。提出了“射程层贡献”模型,以该模型为基础建立的计算方法所得结果与实验值间相对误差平均约为１０％。     

Coinage Metals in the Nanometer Length Scale

Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-stabilized gold organosol in toluene has been prepared by using a two-phase (water-toluene) extraction of AuCl₄^- followed by its reduction with sodium borohydride in the presence of the surfactant, CPC. The surfactant-stabilized gold nanoparticles were exploited to examine their optical properties when exposed to various solvent systems by measuring the changes in the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectrum.     

Diffraction field of tightly focused laser beams and its influence to laser accelerator

In this paper, we have studied the dynamic characteristics of relativistic electron injected into stationary intense vacuum laser fields. We found the dynamic trajectories can basically be classified as three categories, namely Inelastic Scattering (IS), Capture and Acceleration Scenario (CAS) and Penetrate into Axial Region and Move (PARM) trajectory. The physical mechanism as to the three kinds of electrons have been examined. In particular, the PARM trajectory which we presented in this paper is different from the CAS and IS trajectory which we had already found in our previous work. We will show the PARM stems from the strong diffraction effect of a tightly focused laser field. In addition, the initial condition for the three kinds of electrons to emerge were detailed investigated. It has been found that there are four factors which chiefly decide the appearance of the three kinds of dynamics trajectories, namely the laser beam width w₀ and intensity a₀, the electrons incident angle θ and initial transversal momentum p_ti. The implication of the PARM electrons to the planned vacuum laser accelerators is illustrated.