Effects of charge temperature and exhaust gas re-circulation on combustion and emission characteristics of an acetylene fuelled HCCI engine

In this work, experiments were conducted on a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine with acetylene as the sole fuel at different power outputs. Initially, the intake air was heated to different temperatures in order to determine the optimum level at every output. Charge temperatures needed were in the range of 40-110 °C from no load to a BMEP (Brake Mean Effective Pressure) of 4 bar. Subsequently, exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR) was done at the identified charge temperatures and brake thermal efficiency was found to improve. At high BMEPs, use of EGR led to knocking. Thus, fine control over charge temperature and EGR quantity is needed at these conditions. Nitric oxide and smoke levels were very low. However, HC levels were high at about 1700-2700 ppm. Brake thermal efficiencies were comparable to or even better than the compression ignition mode of operation.     

微电路封装产品内部水汽含量的分析与控制方法

为了使我所微电路封装产品能广泛满足航空、航天及其他特殊领域对内部水汽含量的要求(≤5000ppm),提出了降低金属或陶瓷结构封装的微电路封装产品内部水汽含量的控制方法和工艺要求。     

Quinic acid esters and sesquiterpenes from Sonchus arvensis

A phytochemical study on the whole plant of Sonchus arvensis and its antioxidant activity has been carried out. Three quinic acid derivatives (1–3), the rarely naturally occurring (p-hydroxyphenylacetyl) quinic acids, and two eudesmanolides (4 and 5) were newly found. Four known eudesmanolides (6–9) were isolated from the plant for the first time. Their structures were characterized by HRESIMS, IR, UV, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·)-scavenging activity was evaluated for each of the above 9 compounds (1–9) in comparison to standard antioxidants (caffeic acid and ascorbic acid). However, none proved to have a positive activity. The absence of antioxidant activity could be caused by the absence of ortho or para-diphenolic groups in all detected compounds, that are responsible of the activity against free radicals by an electron transfer reaction.     

On-site low-pressure diesel HDS for fuel cell applications: Deepening the sulfur content to ?1 ppm

This work investigates the feasibility of ultra-deep hydrodesulfurization (i.e. ?1 ppm of sulfur content) of several diesel feedstocks, viz., regular (R), premium (P) and hydrotreated straight-run (HSR) at low pressures, i.e. 10 bar, to lower significantly the operation costs. The premium and regular diesel contain additive packages with several components such as cetane boosters, antioxidants that show to negatively affect the sulfur conversion at low pressures. In the hydrotreated straight-run diesel fuel, which does not contain an additive package, total desulfurization can be obtained at 10 bar, T = 340 °C and LHSV = 1 h⁻¹. As a model for the additive package, FAME (fatty acid methyl ester), an ingredient that encounters the demands of a sustainable future, was added to the hydrotreated straight-run diesel (HSR + FAME) in order to check its influence on the total sulfur conversion. Results show that this biofuel component hindered tremendously the sulfur removal process by lowering the sulfur removal from 98% to zero at 10 bar, probably by competitive adsorption. At higher pressures, e.g. 30 bar, when FAME was present, new sulfur compounds were formed during the HDS process and the effective sulfur removal was very low.     

ppm质量制在SMT生产上的应用

阐述了ppm管理这一新思想,具体介绍了ppm缺陷计算法在SMT生产工序监测过程中的应用。     

Evaluation of performance characteristics of a novel hydrogen-fuelled free-piston engine generator

In this work, we present the experimental results obtained from hydrogen fuelled spark-ignited dual piston free-piston engine generator (FPEG) prototype operated in two-stroke and four-stroke mode. The FPEG testing was successfully conducted at 3.7 compression ratio, engine speed between 5 Hz and 11 Hz and with different equivalence ratios. The FPEG technical details, experimental set-up and operational control are explained in detail. Performance indicators show that both equivalence ratio and engine speed affect the engine operation characteristics. For every set of specified FPEG parameters, appropriate range of equivalence ratio is recommended to prevent unwanted disturbance to electric generator operation. Both two-stroke and four-stroke cycle mode were tested, and the results showed different combustion characteristics with the two thermodynamic cycles. Four-stroke cycle mode could operate with indicated thermal efficiency gain up to 13.2% compared with the two-stroke cycle.     

IC电路封装内部水汽含量的分析与控制研究

为了使IC电路封装能广泛满足航空、航天及航海等特殊领域对内部水汽含量的要求(≤5000ppm),提出了降低金属或陶瓷结构封装的IC电路封装内部水汽含量的控制方法和工艺条件要求。     

无线传感器网络节点部署优化及链路质量评估

本文运用虚拟力算法对三种不同初始化节点分布进行优化,并且从链路质量评估值(LQA)和覆盖率角度对不同初始化部署的节点布局进行评估。研究结果表明,WSN节点在虚拟力算法作用下,圆环分布比平均分布能在迭代次数较少的情况下,达到网络最大覆盖率,并且此刻LQA值最大,网络通信质量较高,从而节省了能耗和资源,更具有一定的实用价值。     

Effects of doping at the ppm level in Simple n+p-homojunction organic photovoltaic cells

The effects of doping at concentrations at the ppm level in organic photovoltaic cells were clarified using simple n⁺p-homojunctions. With doping from 0 to 10 ppm, the fill factor increased due to the appearance of majority carriers. From 10 to 100 ppm, the photocurrent density increased due to an increase in the built-in potential, i.e., the formation of an n⁺p-homojunction. The photocurrent was increased by a factor of 1.3 by directly doping the photoactive co-deposited layer with acceptor molecules at a concentration of 100 ppm.