飞行时间二次离子质谱--强有力的表面、界面和薄膜分析手段

二次离子质谱（Secondary ion mass spectrometry，简称SIMS）是一种对表面灵敏的质谱技术，建立在表面各种类型带正、负电荷原子或分子发射的基础上。用飞行时间（Time of flight，简称TOF）仪器对这些二次离子进行质量分析，能确保并行质量登录、高质量范围、高流通率下的高分辨和精确质量测定这些优异性能。配合细聚焦扫描一次离子束，可在优于1nm的高深度分辨和优于50nm的横向分辨本领下，实现对表面优于单层ppm(百万分之一）量级的极高检测灵敏度。当今TOF－SIMS已发展为一种成熟且完善的表面分析技术。极高的灵敏度，再加上即使对大分子及不易挥发性分子都独具的敏感性，使它成为很多高技术领域不可缺少的分析手段，这些领域包括微电子学、化学和材料科学以至纳米技术和生命科学等。本文简述了TOF－SIMS的原理、仪器及其多方面的应用和展望。     

Fictions and Facts About Evolutionary Approaches to Human Behavior: Comment on Lickliter and Honeycutt (2003).

Six misconceptions about evolutionary approaches to human behavior are exposed. Evidence is adduced to support the assertions that evolutionary approaches do not (a) adopt a reductionistic "gene-centered" level of analysis, (b) assume that natural selection is the only process that creates and designs ontogenetic processes and phenotypic outcomes, (c) assume that genes are the only agents responsible for the transgenerational inheritance of phenotypic traits and characteristics, (d) assume that genes are self-contained and impervious to extragenetic influences, (e) posit a strong form of genetic determinism, or (f) pay lip service to the role of the environment. Building straw men and knocking them down is an inherently destructive enterprise; integrating different approaches is a more constructive way of contributing to the growth of knowledge. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Modelling the dynamics of the students’ academic performance in the German region of the North Rhine-Westphalia: an epidemiological approach with uncertainty

Student academic underachievement is a concern of paramount importance in Europe, where around 15% of the students in the last high school courses do not achieve the minimum knowledge academic requirement. In this paper, we propose a model based on a system of differential equations to study the dynamics of the students’ academic performance in the German region of the North Rhine-Westphalia. This approach is supported by the idea that both good and bad study habits, are a mixture of personal decisions and influence of classmates. This model allows us to forecast the student academic performance by means of confidence intervals over the next few years.     

经典教育法在高校理工科学生人文素质教育中的探索与实施

当前,切实提升理工科学生的人文素养既是大学生成长发展的内在需求,也成为社会经济发展对于高校理工科人才的必然要求.本文从高校理工科学生的人文素质教育现状出发,探究了经典教育法融入高校理工科学生人文素质教育的途径、方法.     

Communicating with Faculty,Staff, and Students Using Library Blogs: Results from a Survey of Academic Health Sciences Libraries

This study investigated use and management of blogs in academic health sciences libraries. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected with a questionnaire distributed to bloggers and administrators representing 22 libraries self-identified as using blogs to publish library newsletters. Perceived barriers to use of blogs included lack of patron awareness and technical issues. Blogs were viewed as easy to use by librarians and blogs are used to promote licensed resources. Blogs do not replace other interactions with librarians, but in the future, could be used to develop a community, provide tools for learning, and increase visibility of the library.     

The Accuracy and Thoroughness of a Federated Search Engine in the Health Sciences

SUMMARY

Research studies show that researchers need to access multiple resources to ensure a comprehensive search. In the health care field, health professionals' time is very limited, and they would benefit from being able to access multiple resources simultaneously. Health professionals must retrieve the most relevant and accurate information possible when applying clinical information to patient care. While a federated search engine may offer speedy search capabilities, do they offer the same accuracy and relevancy as directly searching the core health sciences databases? The purpose of this study is to describe, evaluate, and compare searching health sciences topics using a federated search engine versus searching five core health sciences databases directly. The following databases were selected for this study: WebFeat (federated search engine), MEDLINE, CINAHL, Science Citation Index, Biological Abstracts, and EMBASE. While WebFeat is convenient for searching multiple databases simultaneously, it does not offer the advanced search limits offered by directly searching some of the health sciences databases. The lack of limits available in the federated search engine means increased results that may not be relevant to the busy health care professional.     

Current techniques for measuring motion

The sports scientist and the ergonomist, although sharing a common disciplinary background, pursue fundamentally different goals. The patterns of approach to the analysis of movement they adopt are, nevertheless, similar and a model of this approach is presented. Some potential sources of error associated with each stage of the process are identified.

In measuring motion in sport, cinematography has played a dominant role. The method has obvious advantages; but analysing film is a slow, pedestrian task, and subject to human error. Where an investigator is experienced and understands his problem clearly he can often achieve his aims with a limited number of measurement variables. This may also meanhe can adopt automatic and specific techniques of acquiring information. Such methods include alternative photographic techniques, but also involve the specialised transducers and automatic analysers that are now burgeoning in the field. Some of these techniques are discussed.     

灰色系统理论及其在工程中的应用

本阐述了灰色系统理论在科学发展中的作用和地位，简要介绍了灰色系统理论的基本原理以及研究的主要内容，列举了灰色系统理论在工程中的应用和发展前景。     

中国核农学的发展历程与成就

文章概述了我国核农学的创建与发展历程以及核技术农业应用研究所取得的主要成果。我国核农学始于1956年,经过50多年的发展,现已形成科研协作网络、学术交流网络、国际交流网络。这三大网络全面推动了中国农业核技术应用的核农学的形成与发展,在辐射育种、航天育种、同位素示踪技术在农业中的应用、农产品辐照贮藏和保鲜加工、辐射害虫防治、低剂量辐射刺激增产等方面取得了显著成绩。此外,文章还就中国核农学今后的发展构想以及核农学优先发展的主要领域提出了构思和建议。