The influence of the fabrication process on the buckling of thin-walled steel box sections

Steel box sections are usually fabricated from flat plates which are welded at the corners. The welding process can introduce residual stresses and geometric imperfections into the sections which can influence their strength. For some thin-walled sections, large periodic geometric imperfections have been observed in manufactured sections. Subsequent investigations have indicated that the imperfections are in fact buckling deformations i.e. the box section has buckled due to welding residual stresses prior to any application of external load. The welding procedure and the behaviour of the box sections under load has been modelled using a finite element analysis that accounts for both geometric and material non-linearities. Tests have been carried out on box sections with a range of width to thickness ratios for the plate elements. Modelling has been shown to give good correlation with the test results. The conditions for buckling to take place as a result of the welding process have been established. A design method has been proposed.     

Level set and geodesic active contours based measurement of material removal between serial sections

The measurement of the thickness of material removed between serial sections is a crucial step of three-dimension reconstruction. Geodesic active contours is an efficient method for contour detection of objects on an image. The indents on the SiC/Al composite micrographs are segmented by using level set and geodesic active contours. After getting the contours of the indents, we calculate the distance from the uppermost pixel to the lowermost pixel to get the vertical diagonal length, and calculate the distance from the leftmost pixel to the rightmost pixel to get the horizontal diagonal length of each contour. Then the final length of each diagonal is acquired by averaging the vertical diagonal length and the horizontal diagonal length, respectively. The Vickers’ indenter is made by a square pyramidal-shaped diamond with opposite faces at an angle of 136°, so the thickness of material removed between two serial sections and the length difference of the diagonals on the two serial sections has a definite geometrical relation. Thus the thickness of material removed between two serial sections is acquired using the geometrical relation.     

Accurate Cross Sections for Microanalysis

To calculate the intensity of x-ray emission in electron beam microanalysis requires a knowledge of the energy distribution of the electrons in the solid, the energy variation of the ionization cross section of the relevant subshell, the fraction of ionizations events producing x rays of interest and the absorption coefficient of the x rays on the path to the detector. The theoretical predictions and experimental data available for ionization cross sections are limited mainly to K shells of a few elements. Results of systematic plane wave Born approximation calculations with exchange for K, L, and M shell ionization cross sections over the range of electron energies used in microanalysis are presented. Comparisons are made with experimental measurement for selected K shells and it is shown that the plane wave theory is not appropriate for overvoltages less than 2.5 V.     

用微量元素涂料改善球铁件热节组织的试验研究

对RE、Tc、Bi、Sb等微量元素以涂料形式对球铁件厚大热节部位进行微合金化,以改善其组织的可能性进行了试验研究,结果表明:多元微量元素涂料可有效地消除碎块状石墨,提高球化率,改善球铁组织,涂料层厚度影响微合金化程度而应严格控制,该工艺具有简便。无炉料污染、可代替冷铁以确保复杂铸件组织均一等优点。     

宽波束双基地高频雷达海杂波谱特性研究

双基地角在杂波单元内的连续变化导致宽波束双基地高频雷达的海杂波谱不同于窄波束.为了揭示这种差异,在G ill和W alsh窄波束双基地海面雷达散射截面积(RCS)基础上,提出了宽波束双基地海面RCS模型;结合高频地波雷达方程,得到宽波束双基地海杂波功率谱密度模型,通过仿真计算得到海杂波谱的具体形态.理论分析和仿真结果表明,在发射机附近以及基线附近的雷达探测区域,宽波束海杂波谱具有明显的展宽效应.     

新型冷弯翼缘闭合组合轴压构件力学性能研究

利用冷弯薄壁型钢截面成型灵活的特点,将既有的两类翼缘闭合截面形式经过合理变形,再经两两组合点焊形成两类新型截面形式——翼缘闭合组合截面DHF1、DHF2。采用ANSYS非线性有限元分析方法,针对新型截面轴压构件,建立了有效的分析模型,通过对构件的应力－应变关系曲线、参数变化时的极限应力变化曲线和应力、变形云图,全面考察了截面高度、截面宽度、板件厚度和闭合区高度比等参数对构件的变形模式、屈曲特征、承载力、极限应力等方面力学性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,新型截面轴压构件板件的局部屈曲不易出现,从而具有截面刚度大、承载能力强的特点,对于中、小长细比构件的极限应力常可达到材料的屈服强度,证明提出的冷弯翼缘闭合新型组合截面轴压构件具有较为优越的力学性能,可以深入试验研究并合理推广使用。     

农村公路典型路段事故风险评价方法

农村公路急弯、陡坡、路侧险要等典型路段往往是事故易发多发路段。在现阶段农村公路安保工程资金有限的情况下,需对既有典型路段的事故风险进行定量评价和排序,为隐患路段的排查和安保工程分期实施提供依据。在现有研究成果的基础上,构建典型路段事故风险评价指标体系,提出一种基于贝叶斯网络的农村公路典型路段事故风险评价方法。该方法能有效集结专家知识和经验定量评价典型路段(包括单一路段和组合路段)的事故风险,并可以随着数据的更新不断完善模型。在农村公路事故资料相对缺乏的情况下,该方法具有较强的实用性。     

Approximating of conic sections by DP curves with endpoint interpolation

Conic sections have many applications in industrial design, however, they cannot be exactly represented in polynomial form. Hence approximating conic sections with polynomials is a challenging problem. In this paper, we use the monomial form of Delgado and Peña (DP) curves and present a matrix representation for them. Using the matrix form and the least squares method, we propose a simple and efficient algorithm for approximating conic sections by DP curves of arbitrary degree with endpoint interpolation. Finally, we test and compare the proposed algorithm on some numerical examples which validates and confirms efficiency of it.     

类氖钼基态到（n＝3，4）88个能级的碰撞强度

采用“快速”扭曲波方法和程序ＭＣＤＷ（九）,计算了类氖钼基态到８８个（ｎ４）激发态能级的电子碰撞激发截面,并与国外完全相对论理论数据进行了详细比较,一般差别在１０％左右,表明作者发展与建立的一套方法和程序不仅实现了“快速”计算而且有相当高的精度。