DG130/3.82-4型自然循环锅炉水冷壁管爆管技术分析

对水冷壁管同一根、同一区域发生的两起爆管事故进行失效分析 ,研究爆管机理 ,找出了爆管原因 ,提出了预防措施     

Effect of Synergistic Anticorrosion Treatments on Cycling Stability of Mg-Based Hydrogen Storage Electrode

In this paper, any two of the three anticorrosion agents, that is emulsifier (OP-10), soluble glass (Na2O·nSiO2) and glycerin (C3H8O3), were treated simultaneously on the surface of amorphous (a-) MgNi+5% Ml2Mg17 (Ml denotes the lanthanum-rich mish metal) electrode and the electrolyte. Effect of the synergistic anticorrosion treatment on charging/discharging cycle stability of the electrode was investigated. Contrasted with single treatment method, the cycling stability of the electrodes was further improved. The desirable synergistic anticorrosion method was that the electrode was treated by the soluble glass, and that OP-10 was added into the electrolyte. The cyclic voltammogram (CV) results of the electrode show clearly that the anticorrosion agent can change the electrochemical activity and mechanism of the electrode. The concentration of the anticorrosion agent in the electrolyte treated by the synergistic anticorrosion method was also investigated. The appropriate concentration of the anticorrosion agents in the electrolyte is 0.143%.     

海水冻融后轻骨料混凝土的双轴压压强度和变形性能

针对我国渤海湾北部海域轻骨料混凝土结构的工作环境和受力状态，进行了海水中不同冻融循环次数后轻骨料混凝土的双轴压压强度试验，考察了试件的破坏形态和表面裂缝的走向特征。根据试验结果，分析了极限抗压强度随冻融循环次数和应力比的变化规律，并在此基础上建立了考虑海水冻融影响的双轴压压强度准则。探讨了冻融循环作用后轻骨料混凝土的双轴压压变形性能，包括峰值应变、应力-应变关系随冻融循环次数和应力比的变化规律。研究结果说明，随冻融循环次数的增加各种应力比下的应力-应变关系曲线均逐渐扁平，峰值应力点明显下降并右移，说明混凝土的极限抗压强度逐渐降低。     

Early detection of ageing in solder joints through laser probe thermal analysis of the peltier effect

We have recently developed an optical contactless method for testing the quality of solder joints during accelerated thermal cycling ageing processes.¹ The method was based upon the measurement of the dynamic thermal behaviour of the joint to short bursts of Joule heating. It has proved to be efficient in revealing the formation of cracks at the lead-solder interface. We present a method to evaluate ageing at a much earlier stage in the cycling process. We have observed in earlier work,¹ that before cracks appear, structural changes occur in the solder at the lead-solder interface. The thermal response of the solder joint is recorded over time to a Peltier heat perturbation produced by flowing a current pulse through the interface where structural changes occur. The key point in this method is to discriminate the Peltier effect from the Joule thermal response because both effects generate heat. The variation of the early Peltier response in the thermal cycling ageing tests is seen as a quantitative signature of the structural changes in the lead-solder interface.     

Deposition and characterization of alumina films produced by combustion flame pyrolysis

Alumina coatings have been deposited by combustion flame pyrolysis on amorphous silica and stainless steel substrates with the objective to study the effect of solvent composition, Fe³⁺ addition and determine the thermal fatigue lifetime. The effect of solvent composition on crystallinity, transformation temperature and hardness are studied, three different solvent compositions are chosen for preparing the aluminium nitrate solution. Using 100% water, as-deposited films are amorphous and transform to α-alumina only upon annealing, while this equilibrium phase is directly obtained but with a porous microstructure by using 100% methanol. The hardness of the coatings varies with the flammability of the solvents. The effect of Fe³⁺ addition on the crystallization of alumina is studied by combustion pyrolysis of aqueous solutions of Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺ nitrates. Small amount of ferric nitrate reduced the transformation temperature by 100 °C. Thermal cycling of as-deposited amorphous alumina on stainless steel substrate is carried out at different temperatures to determine the thermal fatigue lifetime.     

The Effect of Hypoxia on the Expression of CXC Chemokines and CXC Chemokine Receptors—A Review of Literature

Hypoxia is an integral component of the tumor microenvironment. Either as chronic or cycling hypoxia, it exerts a similar effect on cancer processes by activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and nuclear factor (NF-κB), with cycling hypoxia showing a stronger proinflammatory influence. One of the systems affected by hypoxia is the CXC chemokine system. This paper reviews all available information on hypoxia-induced changes in the expression of all CXC chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL4, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL7, CXCL8 (IL-8), CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12 (SDF-1), CXCL13, CXCL14, CXCL15, CXCL16, CXCL17) as well as CXC chemokine receptors—CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR6, CXCR7 and CXCR8. First, we present basic information on the effect of these chemoattractant cytokines on cancer processes. We then discuss the effect of hypoxia-induced changes on CXC chemokine expression on the angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and recruitment of various cells to the tumor niche, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), regulatory T cells (T_regs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Finally, the review summarizes data on the use of drugs targeting the CXC chemokine system in cancer therapies.     

CuZnAl形状记忆合金热机械循环滞回曲线与振动衰减特性研究

运用电子万能拉伸试验机、动态数据采集分析仪,测试了CuZnAl形状记忆合金的力-变形滞回曲线和安装有CuZnAl形状记忆合金耗能器框架结构的减振性能.借助透射电镜、X射线衍射仪,分析了CuZnAl形状记忆合金热机械循环过程中显微组织的变化.比较了不同热处理方式、不同相变点的CuZnAl形状记忆合金热机械循环后的滞回曲线面积及减振性能.试验结果表明:CuZnAl形状记忆合金用于框架结构的被动振动控制具有较好的减振性能,同时明显降低框架结构的振动频率.马氏体CuZnAl形状记忆合金耗能器具有较大的耗能能力,热机械循环数十次以后滞回面积亦大幅度减小,但相变点高的CuZnAl形状记忆合金的滞回面积减小幅度较小.     

The application of thermal sprayed coatings for pig iron ingot molds

Molds made of gray cast iron for casting pig iron ingots are subjected to severe temperature fluctuations. The main life- limiting factor for mold damage is the formation of surface cracks arising from thermal fa-tigue. Various flame and plasma sprayed coatings were investigated to extend the life of these molds. Coating materials studied include plasma sprayed ceramic coatings with bond coats as well as flame sprayed oxidation- resistant alloy powders. The results of cyclic furnace tests from room temperature to 1100 °C in air, simulating the thermal cycle in casting, indicated that failure occurred along the interface between the bond coat and the gray iron substrate because of iron oxidation, and not at the interface between the ceramic top coat-ing and the bond coating for a superalloy substrate. The field test results indicated that plasma sprayed alumina coatings with 200 μm top coating thickness are the most promising materials for pig iron casting.     

Structural and electrochemical characterization of mechanochemically synthesized calcium zincate as rechargeable anodic materials

Hydrated calcium zincate was synthesized by mechanical ball milling of ZnO and Ca(OH)₂ in water at room temperature. The structural and electrochemical properties of this material used as rechargeable anodic material were examined by microelectrode voltammetry, charge–discharge measurements and structural analysis. The results showed that during mechanical milling, ZnO, Ca(OH)₂ and H₂O reacted rapidly to form Ca[Zn(OH)₃]₂ · 2H₂O which was subsequently transformed to a stable structure CaZn₂(OH)₆ · 2H₂O. Since this composite oxide has lower solubility in KOH solution (<35 wt %) and better electrochemical reversibility than ZnO-based negative materials, the zinc anodes using this material can overcome the problems of shape changes and dendritc formation, and therefore exhibit improved cycling life.