Unlocking the Capacity of Vanadium Oxide by Atomically Thin Graphene-Analogous V2O5·nH2O in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising due to their high theoretical energy density and intrinsic safety, and the natural abundance of Zn. Since low voltage is an intrinsic shortage of AZIBs, achieving super-high capacity of cathode materials is a vital way to realize high practical energy density, which however remains a huge challenge. Herein, the capacity increase of classical vanadium oxide cathode is predicted via designing atomic thickness of 2D structure to introduce abundant Zn²⁺ storage sites based on density functional theory (DFT) calculation; then graphene-analogous V₂O₅·nH₂O (GAVOH) with only few atomic layers is fabricated, realizing a record capacity of 714 mAh g⁻¹. Pseudocapacitive effect is unveiled to mainly contribute to the super-high capacity due to the highly exposed GAVOH external surface. In situ Raman and synchrotron X-ray techniques unambiguously uncover the Zn²⁺ storage mechanism. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are further introduced to design GAVOH-CNTs gel ink for large-scale cathode fabrication. The hybrid cathode demonstrates ultra-stable cycling and excellent rate capability and delivers a high energy density of 476 Wh kg⁻¹ at 76 W kg⁻¹; 228 Wh kg⁻¹ is still retained at high mass loading of 10.2 mg cm⁻². This work provides inspiration for breaking the capacity limit of cathode in AZIBs.     

Review:Multiple Functionalities of Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

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综述：水系锌离子电池的多功能性

朱胜¹，倪江锋²

（1. 山西大学 分子科学研究所，太原 030006；

2. 苏州大学 物理科学与技术学院，苏州 215006）

中文说明：

水系锌离子电池因具有高能量、环境友好和高安全性等优点，成为一类颇具吸引力的电源供给设备。近年来，人们对水系锌离子电池的多功能性方面表现出极大的热情，旨在扩展其在多维度和多尺度上的潜在应用。这篇综述总结了水系锌离子电池在设计、构造和性能评估方面的最新进展，重点在于各种功能的介绍，例如柔性、自愈合性、自充电性和小型化，此外还强调了为实现这些功能在电极材料及器件构造方面的设计。最后，本文对该领域中所存在的挑战和机遇提供了一般性的见解。

关键词：锌离子电池；多功能性；柔性；自愈合；自充电；集成

     

The Experimental Study of Constructing Tissue Engineered Bone by Compounding Zinc-sintered Bovine Cancellous Bone with Marrow Stromal Cells

1　IntroductionBonetissueengineeringinvolvesconstructingtissueengineeredbonetorepairbonedefectsbyusingscaffoldswhicharecompoundedwithseededcells .Itisimportanttochooseandmanufactureidealscaffoldsinthisarea .Wehavealreadyusedbothzinc sinteredbovinecancello…     

Mass-Producible,Quasi-Zero-Strain,Lattice-Water-Rich Inorganic Open-Frameworks for Ultrafast-Charging and Long-Cycling Zinc-Ion Batteries

Low-cost and high-safety aqueous Zn-ion batteries are an exceptionally compelling technology for grid-scale energy storage. However, their development has been plagued by the lack of stable cathode materials allowing fast Zn²⁺-ion insertion and scalable synthesis. Here, a lattice-water-rich, inorganic-open-framework (IOF) phosphovanadate cathode, which is mass-producible and delivers high capacity (228 mAh g⁻¹) and energy density (193.8 Wh kg⁻¹ or 513 Wh L⁻¹), is reported. The abundant lattice waters functioning as a “charge shield” enable a low Zn²⁺-migration energy barrier, (0.66 eV) even close to that of Li⁺ within LiFePO₄. This fast intrinsic ion-diffusion kinetics, together with nanostructure effect, allow the achievements of ultrafast charging (71% state of charge in 1.9 min) and an ultrahigh power density (7200 W kg⁻¹ at 107 Wh kg⁻¹). Equally important, the IOF exhibits a quasi-zero-strain feature (<1% lattice change upon (de)zincation), which ensures ultrahigh cycling durability (3000 cycles) and Coulombic efficiencies of 100%. The cell-level energy and power densities reach ≈90 Wh kg⁻¹ and ≈3320 W kg⁻¹, far surpassing commercial lead–acid, Ni–Cd, and Ni–MH batteries. Lattice-water-rich IOFs may open up new opportunities for exploring stable and fast-charging Zn-ion batteries.     

钴掺杂锰氧化物水系锌离子电池正极材料的制备与电化学性能

以硝酸锰和硝酸钴为原料,通过溶剂热反应、水解和煅烧制备了可作为水系锌离子电池正极材料的钴掺杂锰氧化物,研究了钴掺杂锰氧化物的微观结构及电化学性能.结果表明:所制备的钴掺杂锰氧化物h-CoMn3.2Ox具有分级核壳结构,多孔壳表面存在径向尺寸大于100 nm的花瓣状纳米片,壳和纳米片均由平均粒径为5 nm的一次粒子构成,...     

A simple physical mixing method for MnO2/MnO nanocomposites with superior Zn2+ storage performance

MnO₂/MnO cathode material with superior Zn²⁺ storage performance is prepared through a simple physical mixing method. The MnO₂/MnO nanocomposite with a mixed mass ratio of 12:1 exhibits the highest specific capacity (364.2 mA·h/g at 0.2C), good cycle performance (170.4 mA·h/g after 100 cycles) and excellent rate performance (205.7 mA·h/g at 2C). Analysis of cyclic voltammetry (CV) data at various scan rates shows that both diffusion- controlled insertion behavior and surface capacitive behavior contribute to the Zn²⁺ storage performance of MnO₂/MnO cathodes. And the capacitive behavior contributes more at high discharge rates, due to the short paths of ion diffusion and the rapid transfer of electrons.     

Poly(2,5-Dihydroxy-1,4-Benzoquinonyl Sulfide) As an Efficient Cathode for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc–Organic Batteries

Aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted considerable attention as a promising candidate for low-cost and high-safety electrochemical energy storage. However, the advancement of ZIBs is strongly hindered by the sluggish ionic diffusion and structural instability of inorganic metal oxide cathode materials during the Zn²⁺ insertion/extraction. To address these issues, a new organic host material, poly(2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinonyl sulfide) (PDBS), has been designed and applied for zinc ion storage due to its elastic structural factors (tunable space and soft lattice). The aqueous Zn-organic batteries based on the PDBS cathode show outstanding cycling stability and rate capability. The coordination moieties (O and S) display the strong electron donor character during the discharging process and can act as the coordination arms to host Zn²⁺. Also, under the electrochemical environment, the malleable polymer structure of PDBS permits the rotation and bending of polymer chains to facilitate the insertion/extraction of Zn²⁺, manifesting the superiority and uniqueness of organic electrode materials in the polyvalent cation storage. Finally, quasi-solid-state batteries based on aqueous gel electrolyte demonstrate highly stable capacity under different bending conditions.     

Crystalline and amorphous MnO2 cathodes with open framework enable high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Currently, δ-MnO₂ is one of the popularly studied cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) but impeded by the sluggish kinetics of Zn²⁺ and the Mn cathode dissolution. Here, we report our discovery in the study of crystalline/amorphous MnO₂ (disordered MnO₂), prepared by a simple redox reaction in the order/disorder engineering. This disordered MnO₂ cathode material, having open framework with more active sites and more stable structure, shows improved electrochemical performance in 2 mol·L⁻¹ ZnSO₄/0.1 mol·L⁻¹ MnSO₄ aqueous electrolyte. It delivers an ultrahigh discharge specific capacity of 636 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 0.1 A·g⁻¹ and remains a large discharge capacity of 216 mA·h·g⁻¹ even at a high current density of 1 A·g⁻¹ after 400 cycles. Hence disordered MnO₂ could be a promising cathode material for aqueous ZIBs. The storage mechanism of the disordered MnO₂ electrode is also systematically investigated by structural and morphological examinations of ex situ, ultimately proving that the mechanism is the same as that of the δ-MnO₂ electrode. This work may pave the way for the possibility of using the order/disorder engineering to introduce novel properties in electrode materials for high-performance aqueous ZIBs.     

Hierarchical Atomic Layer Deposited V2O5 on 3D Printed Nanocarbon Electrodes for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

Aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ARZIBs) are promising energy storage systems owing to their ecofriendliness, safety, and cost-efficiency. However, the sluggish Zn²⁺ diffusion kinetics originated from its inherent large atomic mass and high polarization remains an ongoing challenge. To this end, electrodes with 3D architectures and high porosity are highly desired. This work reports a rational design and fabrication of hierarchical core–shell structured cathodes (3D@V₂O₅) for ARZIBs by integrating fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D-printing with atomic layer deposition (ALD). The 3D-printed porous carbon network provides an entangled electron conductive core and interconnected ion diffusion channels, whereas ALD-coated V₂O₅ serves as an active shell without sacrificing the porosity for facilitated Zn²⁺ diffusion. This endows the 3D@V₂O₅ cathode with high specific capacity (425 mAh g^?1 at 0.3 A g^?1), competitive energy and power densities (316 Wh Kg^?1 at 213 W kg^?1 and 163 Wh Kg^?1 at 3400 W kg^?1), and good rate performance (221 mAh g^?1 at 4.8 A g^?1). The developed 3D@V₂O₅ cathode provides a promising model for customized and scalable battery electrode engineering technology. As the ALD-coated layer determines the functional properties, the proposed strategy shows a promising prospect of FDM 3D printing using 1D carbon materials for future energy storage.     

“Salting out” in Hofmeister Effect Enhancing Mechanical and Electrochemical Performance of Amide-based Hydrogel Electrolytes for Flexible Zinc-Ion Battery

With the development of flexible and wearable electronic devices, it is a new challenge for polymer hydrogel electrolytes to combine high mechanical flexibility and electrochemical performance into one membrane. In general, the high content of water in hydrogel electrolyte membranes always leads to poor mechanical strength, and limits their applications in flexible energy storage devices. In this work, based on the “salting out” phenomenon in Hofmeister effect, a kind of gelatin-based hydrogel electrolyte membrane is fabricated with high mechanical strength and ionic conductivity by soaking pre-gelated gelatin hydrogel in 2 m ZnSO₄ aqueous. Among various gelatin-based electrolyte membranes, the gelatin-ZnSO₄ electrolyte membrane delivers the “salting out” property of Hofmeister effect, which improves both the mechanical strength and electrochemical performance of gelatin-based electrolyte membranes. The breaking strength reaches 1.5 MPa. When applied to supercapacitors and zinc-ion batteries, it can sustain over 7500 and 9300 cycles for repeated charging and discharging processes. This study provides a very simple and universal method to prepare polymer hydrogel electrolytes with high strength, toughness, and stability, and its applications in flexible energy storage devices provide a new idea for the construction of secure and stable flexible and wearable electronic devices.