Thermal Radiative Properties of Xonotlite Insulation Material

Introduction Xonotlite-type calcium silicate (6CaO?6SiO2?H2O) is synthesized porous insulation material by hydrothermal processing with quartz powder and limestone as the raw material (with CaO/ SiO2≈1:1). Compared with fire- retardant fibre, xonotlite has more excellent insulating performance, such as low thermal conductivity, environment friendly, high intension, and wide applying temperature range, which has been emphasized in recent years by many scholars and widely used in many indu…     

Synthesis of LaF3 superfine powder by microwave heating method

LaF3 superfine powder was synthesized from La(CH3COO)3 and NH4 F by microwave heating method,using ethanol or pure water as dispersants respectively. The results of XRD and SEM indicate that the superfine powder has high purity, regular particle shape and narrow distribution of granularity. The granularity of the best sample is in the range of 100 -200 nm. The influence of different dispersants on the crystal degree and microstructure was discussed. After the superfine powder was formed into a slice at pressure of 25 - 60 MPa, its electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was tested by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement. The result shows that the grain refining of LaF3 powder increases its ionic conductivity. Compared with traditional preparation methods of LaF3 powder, the advantages of microwave heating method were summarized.     

燃料电池用非氟质子交换膜研究现状

简要介绍了燃料的电池的定义及其特点。按照质子交换膜材料的不同,分类回顾了近年来非氟质子交换膜领域的研究进展,并对今后的研究趋势做了展望。     

磺化聚醚醚酮/蒙脱土复合型质子交换膜制备与性能

以磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)为基体,以有机改性的蒙脱土(OMMT)为无机相,采用溶液插层法成功制备出了可望应用于直接甲醇燃料电池的SPEEK/OMMT复合型质子交换膜.通过X射线衍射(XRD)表征了复合膜的微观结构,并采用交流阻抗和隔膜扩散方法分别考察了复合膜的质子传导性能和阻醇性能.结果表明,蒙脱土的片层间距超过4.4 nm,SPEEK高分子链已插层到蒙脱土片层之间.与纯SPEEK膜相比,SPEEK/OMMT复合膜的质子传导率有所降低,但在90℃也达到了1.2×10-2S/cm的水平,而且蒙脱土的加入明显地降低了SPEEK膜的甲醇渗透率.     

β-C位引入供电子羟基增强季铵化聚砜膜的热碱稳定性

以氯甲基化的聚砜(CMPSf)为基材,与N-甲基二乙醇胺和N,N-二甲基乙醇胺反应,分别制备了β-C具有供电子羟基的N-甲基二乙醇胺季铵化聚砜膜(PSf-MDOH)和N,N-二甲基乙醇胺季铵化聚砜膜(PSf-DMOH)。在60℃、1 mol/L的KOH溶液中浸泡6 h后,β-C具有供电子羟基的PSf-DMOH膜和PSf-MDOH膜的离子传导率略有下降,但仍保持了良好的膜尺寸稳定性,而β-C无羟基的三乙胺季铵化聚砜膜发生破碎,完全丧失膜形态,表明供电子羟基的引入显著提高了膜的热碱稳定性。同时,2种膜的性能比较发现,低离子交换容量(IEC)时,PSf-MDOH膜的离子传导率高于PSfDMOH膜,但随着IEC的升高,PSf-MDOH膜吸水率急剧增加,膜内有效离子浓度下降,离子传导率低于PSf-DMOH膜。     

侧链多阳离子型氟化聚芴醚阴离子交换膜及其全钒液流电池性能

阳离子基团的分布对阴离子交换膜的微观相态和阴离子传导率有显著的影响.为开发全钒液流电池用高性能阴离子交换膜,本文通过向含有二甲胺基团的氟化聚芴醚前驱体接枝含阳离子烷基链的方式,合成了具有相似离子交换容量的一系列侧链多阳离子型氟化聚芴醚.实验结果表明,多阳离子侧链的引入能促进微观相分离的形成并提升阴离子传导率.同时,侧链...     

稠油冷采模拟研究

所谓“冷采” ,是指应用特殊的操作工艺和泵抽设备 ,刺激油层出砂 ,开采稠油油藏。稠油冷采鼓励疏松砂岩稠油油藏大量产砂 ,相当于改变了井眼的几何形态 ,产生“蚯蚓洞”和膨胀带 ,也可能产生洞穴。同时 ,原油呈连续泡沫状产出 ,像巧克力糊 ,说明原油在地下就产生了泡沫溶解气驱。由于溶解气稳定存在于泡沫中而不逸出 ,较好地保持了油藏压力 ,其结果是使原油产量和采收率非常高。S Chugh等人在其最近发表的一篇文章中〔1〕,对稠油冷采之所以高产的机理进行了深入研究 ,并提出了适合冷采的油藏类型。本文中 ,将这些机理有关的基础概念扩展到实际工作中 ,即采用直观的模拟方法 ,应用现有的黑油油藏模型器 ,改换输入数据即可。重要的是 ,这些方法已成功地用来拟合加拿大西部常规稠油油藏的冷采生产动态。通过历史拟合模型 ,可以用这些方法对油井将来的冷采参数进行优化设计 ,并计算出更可靠的最终采收率。同时 ,还可以用这些方法进行敏感性研究 ,包括不同油藏参数和操作参数 (如油藏压力、日产量等 )敏感性研究 ,以及冷采压力消耗后对以后的二次采油和三次采油的影响。     

Design of Watertight Barriers for Retention Ponds of Cyanide Using Sludge from Water Purification Station （Ziga）

In a context of sustainable development and use of eco- materials, it was examined the possibility of using sewage sludge from the water treatment plant of Ziga as an inorganic support to achieve sealing barriers that can withstand high stresses to overcome any weaknesses of the geological barrier （called passive barrier）. The station Ziga that potabilises the water from the river Nakamb6 is located 45 km north east of Ouagadougou. Some experiments on the rheology of sludge from Ziga as well as the filtration of the mixture Ziga＇s sludge and clays from Nouna, Zorgho and Ticare, three regions of Burkina Faso, were conducted. These studies demonstrated the complex hydro-mechanical behavior of Ziga＇s slurries： Newtonian fluid thixotropic threshold for solids contents less than 16.5 wt% and non-Newtonian for higher values. Sludge from the water treatment station Ziga have a hydraulic conductivity of 10^-8 m/s. The results are below regulatory requirements. However, the permeability can be reduced to achieve the value of 10^-9 m/s in particular by adding the clay from Zorgho or Nouna to mixtures of Ziga＇s sludge and neutral leachate, typically mineral water. Beside neutral leachate, two types of leachate were used. One type is composed of acid leachate and the other type is basic. It was shown that the limewater solutions cause deterioration of the seal probably due to the presence of hydroxide ions.     

基于功率流理论的大型水电站厂房结构脉动压力频响分析

以某大型水电站厂房为研究对象,采用模型水轮机流道实测脉动压力数据,对厂房整体结构进行有限元仿真频响分析,基于功率流理论、功率流有限元方法及APDL语言编程,实现厂房风罩、楼板、立柱及廊道结构功率流的计算。结果表明:蜗壳脉动能量的传导以剪切波效应为主,以竖向和顺河向的动力响应为表现方式;机墩及风罩结构是功率流传导的主要路径,其结构形式简单,耗能效果不显著;厚墙、厚板结构能较好吸收传导的能量,限制厂房上部结构动力响应幅值。本文研究成果可为厂房低频脉动压力传导测试及分析提供理论依据及参考。     

全钒液流电池用磺化聚芴醚酮质子交换膜的制备及性能

质子交换膜(PEM)作为全钒液流电池(VRFB)的核心组件之一,应当解决成本高昂、合成过程复杂等问题,并具备高质子传导率、低钒离子渗透率、高机械强度和优异化学稳定性等关键性能。本文基于四甲基双酚芴单体通过缩聚反应合成了一系列聚芴醚酮化合物PFEKs,再利用溴代反应将苯甲基功能化为溴甲基,接着通过4-羟基苯磺酸钠的SN₂亲核取代制得了一系列不同离子交换容量的磺化聚芴醚酮聚合物(SPFEKs)。通过溶液浇铸法成膜并酸化,得到一系列新型低成本PEMs。该合成路线的原料来源广泛,价格低廉,不涉及危险的磺化反应,易于工业放大。所得膜都具有良好的机械性能和氧化稳定性,其中SPFEK-40膜具有较高的质子传导率及离子选择性、较低的钒离子渗透率及面电阻,综合性能优异。以SPFEK-40膜组装的VRFB在电流密度为80 mA/cm₂^{时的能量效率}(EE)为88.2%,高于以Nafion 212膜组装的VRFB的84.8%。此外,以SPFEK-40膜组装的VRFB在30次循环后放电容量仅衰减至84.3%,远高于以Nafion 212膜组装的VRFB的66.1%。