晶须取向对SiCw/6061Al复合材料热压缩变形行为的影响

采用SEM 和 Magiscan-2A 图像分析系统研究了晶须取向对SiCw/6061Al复合材料在300℃压缩变形行为的影响.结果表明:晶须取向影响着晶须折断程度和转动角度; 随着晶须取向角的增加,晶须转动和折断行为所导致的软化效果下降.同时晶须取向也影响复合材料的热压缩应力-应变曲线的形状.在热压缩变形过程中,晶须取向角为0°和30°的复合材料表现出明显应变软化现象, 晶须取向角为45°的复合材料无明显软化现象.晶须取向角为90℃的复合材料表现出应变硬化现象.     

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE GROWTH OF SMALL CORNER FATIGUE CRACKS IN ALUMINIUM 6061-T651

Results of an experimental investigation of the fatigue growth of small corner cracks emanating from small flaws are presented. Growth-arrest behaviour was observed, and increases in crack length during growth periods were of the order of the transverse grain size. For the test material, the corner crack front intersects, on average, only three–six grains in the small crack regime monitored, so only a small number of constrained, interior grains is encountered. It is suggested that the presence of partially constrained surface grains may contribute to the 'anomalous' growth behaviour which has been observed by a number of investigators.
The crack growth histories of the test data presented exhibit considerable scatter. It is shown that a Student's t -test can be used to estimate confidence intervals in order to provide a measure of the observed scatter. The variation in confidence intervals in the transition from small to long fatigue crack growth is discussed.     

反挤压对SiCw/6061力学性能影响的实验研究

以挤压工艺对SiCw/6061复合材料力学性能的影响为研究目标,通过改变挤压温度、挤压比以及凸模中心锥角等工艺参数,系统分析了挤压铸造制备的SiCw/6061复合材料反挤压变形前后强度、塑性及硬度的变化规律.研究表明,挤压变形可以有效地提升复合材料试件的各项力学性能指标;随着挤压温度的升高,试件的屈服强度、抗拉强度均呈现升高的变化趋势,延伸率先显著增大而后略有减小,硬度则呈现下降的趋势;随着挤压比的增加,试件的强度、塑性及硬度均呈现上升趋势;随着凸模中心锥角的增大,试件的屈服强度、抗拉强度均呈现先升高后下降的趋势,延伸率及硬度则随着锥角的增加始终呈上升趋势.     

基于无线疲劳监测系统的铝合金材料疲劳损伤研究

铝合金材料具有重量轻、强度高等特点,是国民经济发展的重要基础材料,在诸多领域(如飞行器设计与制造、建筑装饰等)中占有十分重要的地位。然而,其抗疲劳性能较差,在交变荷载作用下容易产生疲劳裂纹和发生疲劳破坏。提出了一种基于无线疲劳监测系统的铝合金材料疲劳损伤研究方法,实时监测了铝合金构件的疲劳应变,并实时分析了构件的疲劳损伤状况,为研究铝合金材料的疲劳性能提供了可借鉴性的方法。     

铝合金6061在低硫酸浓度硬质氧化过程中氧化膜微观组织的演变

采用自制的阳极氧化试验装置和扫描电子显微镜分别对铝合金6061在硫酸浓度为1%、2%、3%、4%和5%H2SO4(W t.%)的氧化液中形成的硬质阳极氧化膜进行研究。结果表明:随着硫酸浓度的增大,氧化膜的显微硬度和表面粗糙度降低,氧化膜中的孔洞逐渐变大;与硫酸浓度为1%和2%相比,3%左右硫酸浓度的氧化液所得到的氧化膜的均匀程度较好,以3%左右硫酸浓度的氧化液对铝合金6061进行硬质氧化较为理想。     

SiCp/AlMMCs填充含Sc、Ce、Be的TiB2原位增强焊丝与4047焊丝的TIG焊研究

使用自制的含Sc、Ce、Be的TiB₂原位增强与4047焊丝为填充材料对T6态SiCp/AlMMCs 进行TIG焊,对接头的力学性能、显微组织以及断口形貌和第二相粒子进行分析。结果表明：两种焊丝焊接该种材料的焊缝成型优良,4047焊丝成型更加美观；TiB₂接头的抗拉强度明显优于ER4047接头,平均强度达到171.88MPa,相对于4047接头强度提高40.03%,TiB₂粒子起到了原位增强的作用；两种接头的硬度值在焊缝中心近似呈对称分布,焊缝区硬度最低,平均值分别为：71.65HV、60.02HV,热影响区硬度的“过时效”现象明显；焊缝中SiC颗粒较少,存在严重贫瘠区 ,未发现明显的Al₄C₃脆性物；显微组织都为枝晶组织,但4047接头焊缝枝晶粗大,TiB₂接头焊缝晶粒细小,稀土元素Sc、Ce、Be起到了细化晶粒的作用,且TiB₂粒子在焊缝中分布均匀；TiB2接头断口中气孔较少,为韧-脆性混合性断裂,韧窝中第二相粒子较多；4047接头断口中气孔较多,为韧性断裂,韧窝中第二相粒子较少。     

固溶处理冷却速度对6061Al/SiCp复合材料阻尼特性的影响

采用喷射共沉积方法制备6061Al/SiCp金属基复合材料(MMC),研究了固溶处理的冷却制度对其阻尼性能的影响.结果表明热处理状态不同的材料,常温下阻尼基本无差异,高温下阻尼则显著不同,超过160℃后,所有试样的阻尼能力均接近或超过1×10-2以上;适当选用冷却能力比水强的冷却介质可获得更高的阻尼性能,但阻尼能力与冷却速度并不存在线性关系.在本文的试验范围内,内耗的应变振幅效应不明显.位错阻尼机制和高温下的位错及界面阻尼机制对这种材料的阻尼性能起主要作用.     

EFFECT OF TOOL WEAR ON MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND ACOUSTIC EMISSION OF FRICTION STIR WELDED 6061 Al ALLOY

Tool condition is one of the main concerns in friction stir welding （FSW）, because the geometrical condition of the tool pin including size and shape is strongly connected to the microstrueture and mechanical performance of the weld. Tool wear occurs during FSW, especially for welding metal matrix composites with large amounts of abrasive particles, and high melting point materials, which significantly expedite tool wear and deteriorate the mechanical performance of welds. Tools with different pin-wear levels are used to weld 6061 Al alloy, while acoustic emission （AE） sensing, metallographic sectioning, and tensile testing are employed to evaluate the weld quality in various tool wear conditions. Structural characterization shows that the tool wear interferes with the weld quality and accounts for the formation of voids in the nugget zone. Tensile test analysis of samples verifies that both the ultimate tensile strength and the yield strength are adversely affected by the formation of voids in the nugget due to the tool wear. The failure location during tensile test clearly depends on the state of the tool wear, which led to the analysis of the relationships between the structure of the nugget and tool wear. AE signatures recorded during welding reveal that the AE hits concentrate on the higher amplitudes with increasing tool wear. The results show that the AE sensing provides a potentially effective method for the on-line manitoring of tool wear.     

Examination of wire electrical discharge machining of Al2O3p/6061Al composites

Alumina particle reinforced 6061 aluminum matrix composites (Al₂O₃p/6061Al) have excellent physical and chemical properties than those of a traditional metal; however, their poor machinability lead to worse surface quality and serious cutting tool wear. In this study, wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is adopted in machining Al₂O₃p/6061Al composite. In the experiments, machining parameters of pulse-on time were changed to explore their effects on machining performance, including the cutting speed, the width of slit and surface roughness. Moreover, the wire electrode is easily broken during the machining Al₂O₃p/6061Al composite, so this work comprehensively investigates into the locations of the broken wire and the reason of wire breaking.The experimental results indicate that the cutting speed (material removal rate), the surface roughness and the width of the slit of cutting test material significantly depend on volume fraction of reinforcement (Al₂O₃ particles). Furthermore, bands on the machined surface for cutting 20 vol.% Al₂O₃p/6061Al composite are easily formed, basically due to some embedded reinforcing Al₂O₃ particles on the surface of 6061 aluminum matrix, interrupt the machining process. Test results reveal that in machining Al₂O₃p/6061Al composites a very low wire tension, a high flushing rate and a high wire speed are required to prevent wire breakage; an appropriate servo voltage, a short pulse-on time, and a short pulse-off time, which are normally associated with a high cutting speed, have little effect on the surface roughness.     

Fatigue Crack Growth and Fracture of 30 wt% B4C/6061Al Composites

This paper focuses on studying the fatigue crack growth (FCG) characteristics and fracture behaviours of 30 wt% B₄C/6061Al composites fabricated by using powder metallurgy and hot extrusion method. Compact tension (CT) specimens having incisions parallel to the extrusion direction (T‐D) and perpendicular to the extrusion direction (E‐D) were investigated through FCG tests. Results show that, at low/medium stress‐intensity factor range levels (ΔK ≤ 9), crack propagation rate in E‐D specimens is lower than that in T‐D specimens because the elongated B₄C particles parallel to the extrusion direction in E‐D specimens can deflect the crack. The scanning electron microscope micrographs of the fractured surface illustrate that crack mainly propagates in the matrix alloy at the initial stage of its propagation and propagates more remarkably near the particle‐matrix interface with the increase of ΔK value. B₄C particles are also found to be easy to fracture during the rapid crack propagation. Based on fracture analyses, considering the impacts of factors like crack deviation, plastic zone size at the crack tip, and crack driving force, a 2‐D crack propagation model was developed to study the fatigue crack propagation mechanism in the 30 wt% B₄C/6061Al composite.