面向软件动态演化的需求建模及其模型规范化

针对目前需求工程阶段对软件动态演化考虑不足的现状,在分析软件动态演化面临的挑战的基础上,设计了面向动态演化的需求元模型(dynamic-evolution-orientedrequi rements meta-model,DERM)。该元模型以特征为基本部件,按特征组合的方式建立需求模型,需求模型由行为特征和属性特征组成。行为特征被区分为计算行为特征和交互行为特征,以实现计算和交互的相对隔离;属性特征通过其作用域,指定其在行为特征模型中的作用范围,从而将行为特征模型和属性特征模型统一为需求模型。在此基础上,讨论了需求模型的参照完整性、依赖一致性和互斥一致性,并进一步把需求模型规范化为需求模型第一范式到第三范式,需求模型规范化的过程提供了一种保证需求模型一致性的方法。最后通过案例研究,表明了该方法的可行性及其对软件动态演化的有效支持。     

电力生产实时画面的Web发布

介绍实现电力生产企业中的潮流图、接线图等实时画面的Ｗｅｂ发布与动态局部刷新的一种方法。利用ＡＣＰ实现Ｗｅｂ页面中元素的准确定位以及利用Ｃｏｏｋｉｅ完成不同页面间的信息传递与共享。     

电子蓝军装备综合演练运筹分析及其平行系统构建

阐述了电子蓝军装备综合演练自身训练和对抗应用的2种模式。从电子蓝军建设论证、综合演练需求分析、综合演练方案优化、导调与指挥决策辅助、综合演练效果评估5个方面分析了电子蓝军装备综合演练运筹分析要解决的主要问题及其特点。提出了基于ACP方法的电子蓝军装备综合演练运筹分析框架,初步构建了电子蓝军装备综合演练运筹分析平行系统。运筹分析平行系统的提出,为电子蓝军装备综合演练总体设计、组织实施和评估研究提供了新的手段。     

Smart dispatching for energy internet with complex cyber‐physical‐social systems: A parallel dispatch perspective

Energy internet (EI) is a complex coupled multienergy system; it is essential to investigate its multienergy dispatching optimization issues. To this end, this paper first proposes a novel conception of smart dispatching for EI with a complex cyber‐physical‐social system (CPSS) network from the perspective of parallel dispatch, called parallel dispatching robot (PDR), and investigates the implementations of PDR based on smart artificial society (SAS) modeling. First, we introduce EI and describe the dispatching issues of EI. Second, we discuss several important concepts supporting the parallel dispatch conception of EI, including knowledge automation (KA), CPSS, and parallel machine learning (PML). On the basis of these, we elaborate the concept of parallel dispatch. Moreover, we construct a large closed‐loop feedback control framework of parallel dispatch for EI integrating a CPSS network based on KA and PML. Third, we establish an experimental platform for PDR research based on the proposed parallel dispatch framework. Fourth, we develop the PML‐based SAS models of a single PDR in centralized dispatching modes and group PDRs in decentralized dispatching modes to achieve crowd wisdom emergence and performance improvement in current cyber‐physical system frameworks of EI. Moreover, we design an external global closed loop for PDR to evaluate its operation stability. Lastly, we conduct a detailed discussion on PDR and offer some prospects for its engineering implementations. The biggest innovation of this paper lies in systematically proposing the smart dispatching concept and framework for complex CPSS‐based EI from the perspective of parallel dispatch and thoroughly investigating how to use SAS modeling to implement parallel dispatching and control for EI considering human and social factors, which is a major extension and theoretical improvement to existing single smart wide area robot concept and a preliminary attempt in investigating a shift from Energy 4.0 to Energy 5.0 in China.     

Enamel alteration following tooth bleaching and remineralization

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of professional tooth whitening agents containing highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide (with and without laser activation), on the enamel surface; and the potential of four different toothpastes to remineralize any alterations. The study was performed on 50 human molars, divided in two groups: treated with Opalescence^® Boost and Mirawhite^® Laser Bleaching. Furthermore, each group was divided into five subgroups, a control one and 4 subgroups remineralized with: Mirasensitive^® hap+, Mirawhite^® Gelle?, GC Tooth Mousse? and Mirafluor^® C. The samples were analysed by SEM/3D‐SEM‐micrographs, SEM/EDX‐qualitative analysis and SEM/EDX‐semiquantitative analysis. The microphotographs show that both types of bleaching cause alterations: emphasized perikymata, erosions, loss of interprizmatic substance; the laser treatment is more aggressive and loss of integrity of the enamel is determined by shearing off the enamel rods. In all samples undergoing remineralization deposits were observed, those of toothpastes based on calcium phosphate technologies seem to merge with each other and cover almost the entire surface of the enamel. Loss of integrity and minerals were detected only in the line‐scans of the sample remineralized with GC Tooth Mousse?. The semiquantitative EDX analysis of individual elements in the surface layer of the enamel indicates that during tooth‐bleaching with HP statistically significant loss of Na and Mg occurs, whereas the bleaching in combination with a laser leads to statistically significant loss of Ca and P. The results undoubtedly confirm that teeth whitening procedures lead to enamel alterations. In this context, it must be noted that laser bleaching is more aggressive for dental substances. However, these changes are reversible and can be repaired by application of remineralization toothpastes.     

5-芳亚甲基-N-(4-羧基苯基)罗丹宁衍生物的微波辅助合成及分子模拟研究

以对氨基苯甲酸为原料,采用简易方法合成N-(4-羧基苯基)罗丹宁,并在醋酸和醋酸钠体系中与芳香醛化合物经回流反应或微波辐射合成(Knoevenagel缩合)得到系列标题化合物,并用Sybyl-X 2.0程序研究了标题化合物与烯酰基载体蛋白(ACP)还原酶的分子对接情况。     

快燃物ACP在丁羟复合固体推进剂中的应用

采用药条燃速仪试验和Ф64mm发动机点火试验,研究了不同含量的快燃物ACP对低、中、高燃速丁羟复合固体推进剂燃烧性能的影响。结果表明,快燃物ACP能明显提高推进剂的燃速,使6．86～15MPa下推进剂的燃速压强指数有明显增大的趋势,在低、中、高燃速推进剂配方中加入质量分数为5％的ACP,15MPa下的燃速分别提高11．3％,82．9％,67．8％。Ф64mm发动机试验表明,含ACP的推进剂在发动机中能够稳定燃烧,发动机p-t工作曲线稳定。获得了ACP使推进剂产生非平行层燃烧从而大幅度提高燃速的初步证据。     

含快燃物ACP丁羟推进剂高压燃烧特性和常压火焰结构

为了研究水合-四-(4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑)高氯酸铜(ACP)对推进剂燃烧特性的影响,利用高压燃速测定系统研究了ACP对丁羟推进剂3～29 MPa压力范围内燃速的影响;收集推进剂在不同压力(3,10,20 MPa)下的燃烧产物,分析了ACP对燃烧产物化学组成的影响;采用显微高速摄像系统获取了推进剂的燃烧火焰和燃烧表面,对燃烧熄火表面及组分进行了研究。结果表明,在丁羟推进剂中添加ACP可大幅提高燃速,添加5%ACP可使推进剂29 MPa下的燃速提高84.8%,9～11 MPa为不稳定燃烧压力区。燃烧压力3 MPa的完全燃烧产物中活性铝含量为16.22%。推进剂在0.1 MPa燃烧时,存在粒径约100μm的粒子被燃烧气流从燃烧表面带入到气相区中分解燃烧的现象,熔铝粒子在燃烧表面无明显团聚。添加ACP使燃烧表面不规则程度增加。     

Remineralization effects of self-assembling peptide P11-4 associated with three materials on early enamel carious lesions: An in vitro study

The aim of this study was to assess the remineralization of enamel caries lesions using the self-assembling peptide P₁₁-4 associated with different materials. Artificial early enamel lesions were prepared on 154 primary teeth. The samples were randomly divided into eight groups: (1) control, (2) P₁₁-4, (3) fluoridate toothpaste (FT), (4) P₁₁-4 + FT, (5) casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP–ACP), (6) P₁₁-4 + CPP–ACP, (7) fluoridate bioactive glass toothpaste (BT), and (8) P₁₁-4 + BT. The surface enamel microhardness (EMH) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of the teeth were then measured at the baseline, after demineralization, and after 28 days of remineralization. The enamel surfaces were assessed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < .05). EMH after demineralization was significantly lower than the baseline value (p < .001). The interventions led to an enhanced percentage of EMH recovery (%REMH), which was higher in Groups 6 and 7. There was no significant difference between Groups 3 and 4. Groups 1 and 2 had the lowest %REMH. The mean calcium/phosphate weight percentage ratio of P₁₁-4 was significantly lower than the others (p < .001). The FESEM and AFM images revealed mineral deposition on the eroded enamel and reductions in surface roughness in Groups 5 and 7.