油田放射性作业人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变的观察

本文调查了油田212例受γ射线和中子混合辐射照射的作业人员和30例正常人的外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变。作业人员受γ射线照射的人均年受照剂量为1.28mGy。调查结果表明,放射性测井人员与正常人相比染色体畸变率有显著差异。     

改善高平均功率固体激光器光束质量的研究

本文首先概述了内含热透镜的激光谐振腔的分析方法，提出影响高平均功率固体激光器光束质量的主要因素是激光介质的热效应，尤其是非对称的热透镜象差。因此，改善光束质量的途径是补偿或修正透镜象差，使光束质量达到非相干多模振荡的理论值。     

基于Zernike多项式的波前像差研究

波前像差的大小直接影响着视网膜的成像质量。就波前像差的Zernike多项式的单索引表示方法,双索引表示方法进行介绍,并探究波前像差重建的原理和波前像差重建的方法,以及Zernike函数项的改变与视觉质量之间的关系。基于波前像差的重建方法的优缺点进行分析,并探讨基于波前像差的数学统计模型的研究方向以及在临床应用上的广阔前景。     

In-focus electron microscopy of frozen-hydrated biological samples with a Boersch phase plate

We report the implementation of an electrostatic Einzel lens (Boersch) phase plate in a prototype transmission electron microscope dedicated to aberration-corrected cryo-EM. The combination of phase plate, C_s corrector and Diffraction Magnification Unit (DMU) as a new electron-optical element ensures minimal information loss due to obstruction by the phase plate and enables in-focus phase contrast imaging of large macromolecular assemblies. As no defocussing is necessary and the spherical aberration is corrected, maximal, non-oscillating phase contrast transfer can be achieved up to the information limit of the instrument. A microchip produced by a scalable micro-fabrication process has 10 phase plates, which are positioned in a conjugate, magnified diffraction plane generated by the DMU. Phase plates remained fully functional for weeks or months. The large distance between phase plate and the cryo sample permits the use of an effective anti-contaminator, resulting in ice contamination rates of <0.6 nm/h at the specimen. Maximal in-focus phase contrast was obtained by applying voltages between 80 and 700 mV to the phase plate electrode. The phase plate allows for in-focus imaging of biological objects with a signal-to-noise of 5-10 at a resolution of 2-3 nm, as demonstrated for frozen-hydrated virus particles and purple membrane at liquid-nitrogen temperature.     

基于发射束迭代算法的超声波色差抑制方法研究

医学超声成像中的色差通常是通过换能器阵列信号的到达时间和振幅波动来建模的,该方法是对物理色差过程的近似,并可通过使用延时和振幅滤波器来校正发射信号,但在严重色差出现时对这种滤波器的测定是非常困难的.因此,本文给出一种迭代的方法,该方法使用滤波器估算来校正发射声束,得到的声束引起声波的背向散射,这种背向散射声束更适合对信号到达的时间和振幅进行估算,从而使得对换能器的建模变得更加方便;实验仿真结果显示,与理想的色差校正滤波器相比,只需很少几个迭代即可得到校正的发射声束剖面图.     

A pitfall in the calculation of higher order aberrations

When calculating aberration coefficients of secondary and higher order, there is a danger of misinterpreting the result. An example is given for a homogenous magnetic field and the source of the difficulty is described.     

白蚁提取液急性毒性及致突变性研究

本文采用大,小鼠急性经口毒性试验、Ａｍｅｓ试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验及小鼠精子畸变试验对白蚁提取液的毒理学安全性进行了研究,结果表明,白蚁提取液大,小鼠急性经口ＬＤ５０均大于１０ｇ／ｋｇ体重,属“实际无毒”：体内（包括体细胞和生殖细胞）、体外致突变性试验系统均未检出其致突性。     

Effects of specimen refractive index on confocal imaging

The aberrations introduced when focusing within a specimen with a refractive index equal to that of water using an oil-immersion objective are investigated theoretically. The peak intensity in the confocal point spread function drops by a factor of two for focusing less than 10 μm into the specimen. The effects on scaling of dimensions in the resulting images are discussed. The image exhibits an axial stretching by a factor of about 1.12.     

旋转图像中线目标的复原与提取方法研究

图像制导的滚转制导弹药中的成像探测器与弹体固连,由于弹体的滚转运动,会使探测器获取的图像中的线目标发生弯曲畸变现象。以机场跑道为例,从理论上分析了其旋转图像畸变弯曲的原因,建立了相应的数学复原模型,并在此基础上利用最小二乘参数估计与Hough变换相结合的方法对跑道边缘直线参数进行估计,计算分析结果表明,此方法实时性高、可靠性好、适应性强,对于各种失真现象的分析以及线目标的提取具有一定的应用价值。     

Sequential processing of quantitative phase images for the study of cell behaviour in real‐time digital holographic microscopy

Transmitted light holographic microscopy is particularly used for quantitative phase imaging of transparent microscopic objects such as living cells. The study of the cell is based on extraction of the dynamic data on cell behaviour from the time‐lapse sequence of the phase images. However, the phase images are affected by the phase aberrations that make the analysis particularly difficult. This is because the phase deformation is prone to change during long‐term experiments. Here, we present a novel algorithm for sequential processing of living cells phase images in a time‐lapse sequence. The algorithm compensates for the deformation of a phase image using weighted least‐squares surface fitting. Moreover, it identifies and segments the individual cells in the phase image. All these procedures are performed automatically and applied immediately after obtaining every single phase image. This property of the algorithm is important for real‐time cell quantitative phase imaging and instantaneous control of the course of the experiment by playback of the recorded sequence up to actual time. Such operator's intervention is a forerunner of process automation derived from image analysis. The efficiency of the propounded algorithm is demonstrated on images of rat fibrosarcoma cells using an off‐axis holographic microscope.