BaO-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃密度的计算

为了评估密度作为BaO-Al2O3-SiO2(BAS)微晶玻璃晶化热处理和质量监控手段的可行性和准确性,提出一种测定微晶玻璃密度的方法.利用x射线衍射和Rietveld结构精修法准确测定烧结制备的BAS微晶玻璃中各晶相的质量分数和密度,研究了加和法则应用于BAS系微晶玻璃的准确性.对比精修得到的晶相的晶胞参数和对应标准卡片上纯晶相的晶胞参数,得到样品中各晶相的密度.结果表明:BAS微晶玻璃中各晶相与对应纯晶相的密度差别极其微小.利用获得的各相的质量分数,根据玻璃工艺学的经验数据计算残余玻璃相的密度.最后,根据加和法则计算得到BAS微晶玻璃样品的密度,所得的密度值与利用Archimedes法测得的密度值的相对偏差小于1.4%.     

K波段宽带螺旋天线设计

从理论上分析了螺旋天线的设计原理,利用阿基米德螺旋天线实现了一款K波段的高频宽带螺旋天线,使高频天线拥有更轻的质量,更低的剖面及更好的圆极化性。最后通过仿真软件CST设计了一款带宽覆盖18.0~26.5GHz的阿基米德螺旋天线,涵盖了整个K波段。结果表明,该天线在整个频段电压驻波比<2,能很好的满足天线收发要求。     

玻璃密度测量方法比较与实践

玻璃密度是玻璃生产控制的关键指标,玻璃密度常用的测量方法是沉浮比较法(简称沉浮法)和悬浮法。对两种密度测量方法的测量原理、测量精度、重复性、操作便捷性进行分析和比较。结果表明:沉浮法的测量精度相对较高,但操作相对复杂,测量周期长,密度测量偏差不超过±0.000 3,但测量用密度液有环境污染,并且需定期校正和更换,该方法适合监督检验和仲裁使用;悬浮法操作简便,测量周期短,当玻璃试样质量大于10 g时,重复性好,测量偏差较小,测量偏差不超过±0.000 5,可作为一般质量监督和玻璃生产质量控制。     

大空间建筑顶部送风系统模型试验自模区的试验判定

以某地下大型厂房为例,把弗劳德数转化成具有相同物理意义的热量阿基米得数,对顶部送风系统模型试验所测的数据运用数理统计的方法进行适当的处理与分析,得出了模型与原型的气流流动都处于弗劳德数自模区的重要结论。     

Scale model study of airflow performance in a ceiling slot-ventilated enclosure: Non-isothermal condition

Scale-model study of a non-isothermal ceiling slot-ventilated enclosure was investigated in both airspeed and thermal fields. Results of airflow pattern, centerline velocity and centerline temperature decay, velocity and temperature profile, airflow boundary layer and thermal boundary layer growth, floor velocity, and floor temperature difference were analyzed to establish semi-empirical prediction equations. Results also compared with previous researches to validate the physical behavior of air-jet. Data of centerline velocity decay showed similar airflow characteristics as isothermal air-jet with Archimedes number (Ar)<0.004$(\mathit{Ar})<0.004$, which performed as pseudo-isothermal airflow. Air-jet fell on entry with Ar>0.018$\mathit{Ar}>0.018$. A single circulation airflow existed at 0.004<Ar<0.011$0.004<\mathit{Ar}<0.011$ and two-circulation airflow occurred at 0.011<Ar<0.018$0.011<\mathit{Ar}<0.018$. The centerline velocity decay was fitted well as similar form of an isothermal condition. The centerline temperature decay was fitted well as the form of centerline velocity decay in both ceiling and floor regions. Both the velocity and temperature profiles agreed with results obtained from literature. Both airflow boundary layer and thermal boundary layer growths increased with traveling distance of air-jet. Maximum floor velocity and floor temperature difference were fitted well with different parameters. Analysis of airflow performance in a non-isothermal condition makes progress in predicting air quality inside the enclosures and guides the design concepts of ventilation system for an indoor environment.     

一种汽车车身焊装用胶固化体积变化率的测试方法

介绍了一种准确测试汽车车身焊装用胶固化体积变化率的测试方法,其测试原理为先依据阿基米德定律分别测试出车身焊装用胶固化前后的固化体积,然后再计算出焊装用胶的固化体积变化率。大量的试验结果表明:该方法测试过程简单,且重复性好,可满足汽车车身焊装用胶固化体积变化率测试精度的要求。     

Optimization of a contact surface

The paper introduces ideas from shape optimization to multibody system dynamics. A disk rolling down a given slope is taken as a simple example, for which it is the goal of the optimization to shape the rolling contour of the disk such that it takes a minimum time to cover a certain distance. The shape of the contour is described by its radius of curvature. The governing equations of motion result from the kinematics of relative motion and the Newton–Euler formalism. Three different kinds of spirals are defined and optimized.     

Displacement Ventilation - the Influence of the Characteristics of the Supply Air Terminal Device on the Airflow Pattern

Displacement ventilation is acknowledged to be an efficient system for the removal of contaminants and excess heat from occupied zones of rooms. However, airflow rates, temperature and the design of the air supply device strongly influence the parameters which determine thermal comfort. This paper reviews experiments and theoretical models which show the connection between these parameters. The width and shape of the air supply device have been varied, and a porous media has been used on the inlet area of the air supply device. The velocity and temperature profiles have been measured. The results presented show also that the flow can be described with respect to width and form of the profiles for temperature and velocity. The flow does not operate like a turbulent jet due to thermal stratification. It is shown that the Archimedes number of the supply air is the parameter which determines the air velocity in the area close to the floor. (The Archimedes number is here defined as the ratio between buoyancy and inertia forces.) The results show that it is possible to remove considerable amounts of excess heat from a room, typically 40-50 W/m², without exceeding the limits for thermal comfort. However, this requires relatively high airflow rates and supply air terminal units at least along one of the walls.     

阿基米德浮子式波浪发电系统的无源控制

针对波浪随机性变化的特性,本文提出了一种基于无源性理论的波浪发电最大功率捕获控制方法.首先提出了阿基米德浮子式(AWS)波浪发电系统的欧拉–拉格朗日(E--L)模型,其包含了系统的机械部分和电气部分,之后充分利用波浪发电系统的结构性特点,设计与系统动力学特性相匹配的控制器,通过注入阻尼和调整系统能量分配的措施,改变了系统有功和无功的分布,使得系统获得良好的快速响应能力,实现了任意波浪力输入下的波浪发电最大功率捕获控制,并有良好的动态特性.最后通过可控整流桥实现控制,控制方法易于实现.     

Modification and re-interpretation of Geldart's classification of powders

In developing his powder classification, Geldart [D. Geldart, Powder Technol. 7 (1973) 285.] employed fluidization data obtained only at ambient temperature and pressure and from beds fluidized only with air. Unfortunately, industrial applications of fluidized bed technology invariably are at elevated pressure and temperature and with fluidizing gas other than air. Geldart classification of powders does not apply at elevated pressure and temperature. There are ample evidences reported in the literature indicating that normally Geldart Group B powders at ambient conditions, such as polymer particles, can behave like a Group A powder under polymerization conditions at elevated pressure and moderate temperature with substantial emulsion-phase expansion, relatively small bubbles, smooth fluidization, and reduced gas bypassing [J.R. Grace, Can. J. Chem. Eng. 64 (1986) 353; I.D. Burdett, R.S. Elsinger, P. Cai, K.H. Lee, Gas-phase fluidization technology for production of polyolefins, in Fluidization X, Eds. M. Kwauk, J. Li, W.C. Yang, 2001, pp. 39-52; P.N. Rowe, P.U. Foscolo, A.C. Hoffmann, J.G. Yates, X-ray observation of gas fluidized beds under pressure, in Fluidization IV, Eds. D. Kunii, R. Toei, 1983, pp. 53-60]. Similar findings were also reported for Geldart Group B powders fluidized by supercritical carbon dioxide at elevated pressures [C. Vogt, R. Schreiber, J. Werther, G. Brunner, Fluidization at supercritical fluid conditions, in Fluidization X, Eds. M. Kwauk, J. Li, W.C. Yang, 2001, pp. 117-124; C. Vogt, R. Schreiber, G. Brunner, J. Werther, Powder Technol. 158 (2005) 102; D. Liu, M. Kwauk, H. Li, Chem. Eng. Sci. 51 (1996) 4045; M. Poletto, P. Salatino, L. Massimilla, Chem. Eng. Sci. 48 (1993) 617; A. Marzocchella, P. Salatino, AIChE J. 46 (2000) 901].The original Geldart's classification is modified and re-interpreted in this paper by plotting a dimensionless density against the Archimedes number. The new parameters allow powders with different properties fluidized at different pressures and temperatures with gases of different properties to be plotted in the same graph. The proposed modification successfully transforms the normally Geldart Group B particles at ambient conditions to Group A classification when fluidized at elevated pressure and temperature. The selection of these two parameters, the dimensionless density and the Archimedes number, for plotting is not arbitrary, however. The experimental and theoretical development is discussed.