The use of the stable isotope 44Ca in studies of calcium incorporation into dentin

The incorporation into rat incisor dentin of two calcium isotopes, the stable ⁴⁴Ca and the radioactive ⁴⁵Ca, was studied using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) stepscanning and imaging, and autoradiography, respectively. The results demonstrated a time-dependent incorporation of the calcium isotopes into the mineral phase of dentin. With the SIMS step-scanning, detecting ⁴⁴Ca, the ion yield was high in the odontoblasts 2 min after intravenous injection. After 10 min a marked increase in signal intensity was found at the dentin mineralization front. This result was consistent with those obtained by ⁴⁵Ca autoradiography; a peak of incorporation occurred 10 min after injection of the isotope. Likewise, localization of ⁴⁴Ca to the mineralization front could be demonstrated 10 min after injection by SIMS imaging. In images obtained at earlier intervals, no such increase in ion yield could be detected. The results show that the nonradioactive, stable isotope ⁴⁴Ca can be used as a marker for biomineralization in a similar way to radioactive ⁴⁵Ca.     

用自射线照相技术研究放射性核素在岩石和矿物上的吸附

应用自射线照相和岩相照相技术联合图象法研究了锕系元素和长寿命裂变产物在岩石和矿物上的吸附行为，直接观察到不同矿物和化学成份对核素的吸附。应用这个方法，研究了＾２３９Ｐｕ、＾２４１Ａｍ在花岗岩上的吸附，＾９０Ｔｃ在辉锑矿、锑赭石和脆硫锑铅矿上的吸附以及＾１２５Ｉ在灰硒汞矿上的吸附，得到了一些有价值的结果。     

~(141)CeO_2经气管内注入后在肺及淋巴结内的动态分布

本文报告了应用γ放射性测量和放射自显影方法,观察~(141)CeO_2经气管内注入后在大鼠肺及局部淋巴结中动态分布的特点。实验结果表明,~(141)Ce 在肺内与在不同部位、不同个体和单个淋巴结中的分布都是很不均匀的;其滞留量随时间而变化。     

Acetylcholine receptor at neuromuscular junctions by EM autoradiography using mask analysis and linear sources

Several methods of analyzing EM autoradiograms are now available. Two such procedures, the grain density distribution (or histogram) method and the mask method use the resolution of the EM autoradiographic technique to generate grain distributions expected from postulated sources, and compare these with the observed grains in the autoradiograms. These two methods are here compared in the analysis of label on linear sources: the distribution of labeled acetylcholine receptor (AChR) down the postjunctional folds of lizard and frog neuromuscular junctions. The receptors were labeled with I-25-α-bungarotoxin and the autoradiograms coated with the high resolution Kodak emulsion 129–01. We found that both methods gave similar results in confirming that the bulk of the AChR is concentrated on the thickened region of the membrane at the top ∼2000 A of the junctional folds, and that there may be a gradient of receptor concentration down the folds. The grain density distribution method is simpler, but does not lend itself easily to quantifying the extent of deviation from simple models. Although computer graphics is not necessary for either method, its use allows the expected grains from linear sources to be generated quickly, making the mask analysis a feasible routine method for assigning the extent of label in different membrane regions.     

Video microscopic image processing facilitates the evaluation of light microscopic autoradiography at high magnification

Light microscopic autoradiographs of H-thymidine labelled unstained semithin sections of Xenopus laevis embryonic nuclei were examined with conventional Nomarski differential interference contrast, phase-contrast and video microscopy. Whereas at low magnification it was possible to obtain a photograph of the nuclear structure and the silver grains in one focal plain, at high magnification, with small depths of focus, a satisfactory image was not attainable. Therefore, we stored the images of the two different focus levels with a digital image processing system and combined both images by an arithmetic operation. This video microscopic technique allows the use of high magnification light microscopy with oil immersion objectives and the application of additional electronic contrast enhancing methods for an adequate and rapid analysis of light microscopic autoradiographs.     

99Tcm-HL91乏氧显像脑缺血动物实验与初步临床研究

乏氧显像是近年来核医学显像的一种新技术。研究表明乏氧组织与正常组织的摄取比明显提高,可用于病灶组织缺血缺氧的判断。^99Tc^m作为一种新型乏氧组织显像剂能够选择性地滞留于缺血部位的脑组织中,通过SPECT显像可为脑缺血性疾病提供诊断信息。本研究通过脑缺血动物模型,探讨^99Tc^m在局部脑缺血模型脑组织中的分布特点,应用放射性自显影技术对局部脑缺血模型进行脑组织宏观放射性自显影研究。同时对21例急性脑梗塞患者进行了初步^99Tc^m脑显像观察。     

Cyclone-磷感屏成像系统

本文介绍了Cyclone-磷感屏成像系统的仪器组成,工作原理、功能特点及其应用。     

The comparison of paired compartments by autoradiography: a methodological note

Biochemical activities in adjacent cells, or nuclei, or other ‘compartments’, are sometimes compared on the basis of the number of silver grains visible on autoradiographs. In this report, the problem of how to test statistically the null hypothesis that the differences between the numbers of grains in two adjacent compartments are due to chance only, if one has available a sample of absolute values of such differences is discussed. The Kolmogorov test for discrete distributions is difficult to apply. More simple tests using approximations by means of the normal and chi square distributions are described. These tests are valid if, and only if, it may be assumed that the numbers of grains in the compartments are independent random variables with Poisson distributions. In autoradiographic data on RNA synthesis rates of the partner nuclei in dikaryotic cells of Schizophyllum commune, the differences appeared in general to be much smaller than expected on the basis of this assumption and the null hypothesis. This suggests that the numbers of grains in these autoradiographs follow a regular distribution rather than a Poisson one; however, it is shown that this is not necessarily true. Theoretically, the autoradiographic process might lead to regular as well as to clustered distributions. It is concluded that assuming Poisson distributions, although reasonable at first sight, may be wrong. The theoretical basis for a statistical analysis of grain counts, therefore, is insufficient.     

Animal biodistribution, safety and validation study of dopamine transporter PET imaging agent ^18F-FECNT

This work was to investigate the pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FECNT (2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-(2-[18F]fluorcethyl)nortropane) as a dopamine transporter (DAT) PET imaging agent.Its partition coefficients were determined in n-octanol and phosphate buffer (PB) (pH 7.0 and pH 7.4).6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) left-sided lesioned Parkinsonian rats were established and validated by rotational behavior tests.Biodistribution in vivo in mice,autoradiography in normal and hemi-Parkinsonian rat brains,and toxicity test were performed.The results showed that partition coefficients were 34.14 (pH 7.0) and 56.41 (pH 7.4),respectively.Biodistribution exhibited rapid uptake and favorable retention in the mice brains.The major radioactivity was metabolized by the hepatic system.The autoradiography showed that 18F-FECNT was highly concentrated in striaturn,and that the left and the tight striatal uptake were symmetrical in normal SD rat brains.In left-sided lesioned PD rat brains,the striatal uptake of 18F-FECNT bilaterally decreased in comparison with normal rats.No significant uptake was visible in the 6-OHDA lesioned-sided striatal areas.The results demonstrated that 18F-FECNT binds to DAT was specific.Toxicity trial displayed that the acceptable dose per kilogram to mice was 625 times greater than that to human.These indicate that 18F-FECNT is a potentially safe and useful DAT PET imaging agent in the brain.