复杂条件下发挥锚杆支护作用的相关技术

介绍了在特殊地质和开采条件下,发挥锚杆支护作用的几种相关技术。     

双头螺栓失效分析

与汽车电机装配在一起的双头螺栓在拧紧后不久便发生断裂。采用扫描电镜、化学分析、金相检验等方法对失效件进行了检测，同时又进行了氢脆试验验证。结果表明，螺栓在进行表面酸洗及电镀时，氢向金属内部扩散和富集，当氢浓度达到一定临界值后，促使氢致裂纹的产生和扩展。在外应力的作用下，即出现氢脆现象导致螺栓断裂。     

陶瓷压机预应力结构的分析

对大型液压自动压砖机的预应力结构进行了分析，建立了机架预紧的力学模型，给出了预紧力的计算公式，分析了预应力对结构疲劳强度的影响。最后通过设计实例证明了预应力结构是可靠的。     

基于Von Mises应力的预应力钢结构拓扑优化设计

为预应力钢结构设计获得最优拓扑构型和索力值,以结构拓扑和索力值为设计变量,以Von Mises应力为约束条件,建立了以结构质量最小为目标函数的数学优化模型.在求解方法上,首先以结构储存应变能最小(刚度最大)确定施加在结构上的索力值,然后采用渐进结构优化法删除低Von Mises应力单元实现结构的拓扑优化以减轻结构质量.算例结果与相应体系受力性能相吻合.     

Non-destructive testing and pre-warning analysis on the quality of bolt support in deep roadways of mining districts

The bolt support quality of coal roadways is one of the important factors for the efficiency and security of coal production. By means of a self-developed technique and equipment of random non-destructive testing, non-destructive detection and pre-warning analysis on the quality of bolt support in deep roadways of mining districts were performed in a number of mining areas. The measured data were obtained in the detection instances of abnormal in-situ stress and support invalidation etc. The corresponding relation between axial bolt load variation and roadway surrounding rock deformation and stability was summarized in different mining service stages. Pre-warning technology of roadway surrounding rock stability is proposed based on the detection of axial bolt load. Meanwhile, pre-warning indicators of axial bolt load in different mining service stages are offered and some successful pre-warning cases are also illustrated.The research results show that the change rules of axial bolt load in different mining service stages are quite similar in different mining areas. The change of axial bolt load is in accord with the adjustment of surrounding rock stress, which can consequently reflect the deformation and stability state of roadway surrounding rock. Through the detection of axial bolt load in different sections of roadways, the status of real-time bolt support quality can be reflected; meanwhile, the rationality of bolt support design can be evaluated which provides reference for bolting parameters optimization.     

非对称环形桁架索网天线预张力设计解析算法

为便于工程应用,提出一种非对称环形桁架空间索网天线预张力设计的解析算法.给出主网在与环形桁架中心线垂直的平面内平衡预张力的投影方程,再根据平面索网结构预张力优化的极小范数法计算公式求出主网绳索中的预张力;根据主网节点的张力纵向平衡方程计算出张力阵绳索预张力;将主网绳索中的预张力分别与特定的系数相乘,即可得到副网中对应绳索的预张力.分别用理论分析、非线性有限元数值仿真以及与其他索网结构预张力优化算法相比较的方式证明了所提算法的正确性、可行性和有效性.     

螺栓轴向应力超声测量技术

简要介绍螺栓轴向应力超声测量的基本原理和测量方法，推导了螺栓伸长量和轴向应力的计算公式，介绍了测试过程中探头的选择、表面状态要求、温度补偿以及测量的适用条件。实际应用表明，该方法容易实施，测量精确度较高。     

压力容器无损检测--超声检测技术(Ⅰ)

简述了压力容器用板、管、锻件、螺栓、焊缝和堆焊层的超声检测,详细介绍了每种检测方法的探头选用、扫查方式、缺陷判别和质量等级评定等。并介绍了三种缺陷自身高度的超声测试方法。     

Bolt support mechanism based on elastic theory

Mechanical model of anchorage surrounding rock considering tray effect was established based on elastic theory, in order to study the mechanism of bolt supporting. Elastic solutions of normal force at point in the interior of a semi-infinite solid were obtained by means of classical displacement function method in elasticity. The factors which influence stress of bolted surrounding rock, such as the length of bolt and tray effect, were analyzed. The absolute value of stress along bolt axes decreased rapidly with an increase in radical distance and the maximum appeared near ends of bolt. With increasing radical distance, the value of radical stress changed from positive to negative roughly and then increased to zero, with maximum at the middle of bolt. The evolution of hoop stress as radical distance increasing was similar with stress along bolt axes. With an increase in depth, the radical effect ranges of all normal stress components were reduced. These suggest that the effect from tray on stress along bolt axes of bolted surrounding rock could be neglected, except near surface of surrounding rock.     

钢包用滑板的热应力有限元分析

连铸钢包使用的滑动激光器是控制连铸生产过程的关键设备之一。为了确定501滑板使用中产生裂纹的原因，抑制裂纹形成，提高滑板使用寿命，本文应用有限元法进行了滑板热应力分析，并与生产中使用的滑板比较，有限元分析显示：在滑板材质一定的情况下，滑板形状以及滑板的预紧能力和固定方式是影响滑板使用寿命的基本因素。