Investigation of thermal residual stresses during laser ablation of tantalum carbide coated graphite substrates using micro-Raman spectroscopy and COMSOL multiphysics

Laser ablation of high-temperature ceramic coatings results in thermal residual stresses due to which the coatings fail by cracking and debonding. Hence, the measurement of such residual stresses during laser ablation process holds utmost importance from the view of performance of coatings in extreme conditions. The present research aims at investigating the effect of laser parameters such as laser pulse energy, scanning speed and line spacing on thermal residual stresses induced in tantalum carbide-coated graphite substrates. Residual stresses were measured using micro-Raman spectroscopy and correlated with Raman peak shifts. Transient thermal analysis was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics to model the single ablated track and residual stresses were reported at low, moderate and high pulse energy regimes. The results showed that the initial laser conditions caused higher tensile residual stresses. Moderate pulse energy regime comprised higher compressive residual stresses due to off centre overlapping of the laser pulses. Higher pulse energy (250 μJ), higher scanning speed (1000 mm/s) and moderate line spacing (20 μm) caused accumulation of tensile residual stresses during the final stage of laser ablation. The deviation of experimental residual stresses from COMSOL numerical model was attributed to unaccounted additional stresses induced during thermal spraying process and deformation potentials in the numerical model.     

直流预压对针板电极下XLPE中空间电荷及电树枝的影响

空间电荷是影响高压直流电缆绝缘电树枝特性的主要原因之一。基于双极性载流子输运模型,对±20 kV、±22.5 kV和±25 kV直流预压下3 600 s内二维针板电极模型空间电荷分布进行仿真分析,并对比分析空间电荷分布与直流接地电树枝引发特性。结果表明：空间电荷浓度及注入深度随预压幅值及时间的增加而增大;直流接地电树枝引发长度随预压时间及幅值的增加而增加。空间电荷注入深度与电树枝引发长度两者之间高度相似。接地电树枝引发特性存在差异的主要原因是针尖附近空间电荷的分布特性。     

平面电磁感应泵性能分析

目前铅快冷堆试验回路的动力泵主要采用机械离心泵和传统电磁感应泵。机械离心泵存在着寿命较短、密封要求高等缺点,而传统电磁感应泵则存在着功率和效率较低等问题。为了解决上述问题,本文基于平面型非磁性直线电机的工作原理提出了一种平面型电磁感应泵,基于COMSOL建立了仿真模型。首先,计算不同的泵沟高度、管壁材料与厚度以及初级槽高等结构参数时电磁泵的推力值;随后计算不同电枢电流的大小和频率时电磁泵的推力值,进而分析出性能的主要影响因素。结果表明,在合适的结构参数情况下,输入电流有效值在15A、频率50Hz的时候,电磁推力可以达到373N/m,若增大电流的频率或有效值,则能够进一步增加电磁推力.研究结果为该类电磁泵的设计提供了帮助。     

一种新型网丝传感器优化设计

基于COMSOL仿真软件,对新型的网丝传感器进行了仿真研究,并针对原油高含水情况下油分相含率检测,优化设计网丝式传感器结构。根据油滴尺寸、网格细分以及重建图像等问题提出了分块多阈值算法。仿真实验表明,基于分块多阈值算法进行图像重建,明显改善图像质量,提高了油分相含量检测精度。     

Design of Ag nanograting for broadband absorption enhancement in amorphous silicon thin film solar cells

Light trapping is one of the key issues to improve the light absorption and increase the efficiency of thin film solar cells. The effects of the triangular Ag nanograting on the absorption of amorphous silicon solar cells were investigated by a numerical simulation based on the finite element method. The light absorption under different angle and area of the grating has been calculated. Furthermore, the light absorption with different incident angle has been calculated. The optimization results show that the absorption of the solar cell with triangular Ag nanograting structure and anti-reflection film is enhanced up to 96% under AM1.5 illumination in the 300–800 nm wavelength range compared with the reference cell. The physical mechanisms of absorption enhancement in different wavelength range have been discussed. Furthermore, the solar cell with the Ag nanograting is much less sensitive to the angle of incident light. These results are promising for the design of amorphous silicon thin film solar cells with enhanced performance.     

A critical analysis of the performance of plate- and point-electrodes for determination of electrical properties of the soil mass

In the recent past, researchers have started utilizing electrical properties of the soil mass for its characterization by employing either plate- or point electrodes. Though, plate-electrodes are easy to use for laboratory experiments, and quantification of geometrical characteristics of the electric field generated within them is easy to quantify, their application for in-situ experiments and for samples of cylindrical shape becomes difficult. On the other hand, usage of point-electrodes which are cylindrical in shape, are used for moisture content determination of the soil or migration of contaminants in it, for coarse-grained soils and fine-grained soils might yield erroneous results, due to the presence of inter particle voids and presence of cavities & anomalies, respectively. Furthermore, quantification of geometrical parameters of the electric field of point-electrodes is quite difficult which results erroneous measurements in determination of electrical properties of the material, in which they are installed. Hence, establishment of the uniqueness of electrical properties obtained from the plate- and point-electrodes, for identical samples becomes utmost important. With this in view, COMSOL Multiphysics® was employed to simulate the electrical response of various geomaterials in their uncontaminated and contaminated states and results were critically evaluated vis-à-vis those obtained from the impedance analysis (1 Hz to 40 MHz). Efforts have also been made to relate the geometrical dimensions of electrodes and electric field generated across the point electrodes, which would facilitate proper design and installation of sensors in a material to achieve the desired output. This study demonstrates the suitability and versatility of the point-electrodes for various (field and laboratory) applications where in moisture profiling and contaminant transport is to be established.     

电极对薄膜体声波谐振器性能的影响

采用有限元分析软件COMSOL Multiphysics仿真了三维结构的谐振器,探讨了不同的顶电极形状对谐振器性能的影响。有效机电耦合系数(k2teff)随电极-压电层厚度比增大而减小,其中电极形状为三角形的谐振器在厚度比为0.05时获得最大k2teff(5.73%)。品质因数Q值变化趋势与k2teff相反,由三角形电极在厚度比为0.25时,获得最大Q值为1 314。不同电极形状的谐振器的优值随电极-压电厚度比先增大后减小,最大值为65.4,由正方形电极在比值为0.15时获得。     

ZnO单晶声表面波谐振器传播特性的研究

基于有限元压电材料中表面波传播的有限元分析原理,利用有限元分析软件COMSOL对基于ZnO单晶材料的声表面波器件进行多物理域耦合建模与仿真,提取出了符合声表面波振型的对称模态变形图和反对称模态变形图。通过谐振频率分析,计算出了ZnO单晶的相速度和机电耦合系数;通过频率响应分析,得出谐振器输入导纳、阻抗与频率之间的关系图;最后讨论了叉指换能器的结构对谐振频率、反谐振频率的影响,得出输入、输出叉指换能器(IDT)的叉指电极对数越大,插入损耗值越大,信号衰减越小。     

软脆铌酸锂晶体磨削的实验仿真研究

针对铌酸锂晶片在磨削加工时经常发生断裂的问题,对晶片断裂的原因进行了理论分析,并从晶体学的角度分析发现断裂与实验采用的晶片晶体结构有关。提出了基于多物理场耦合软件COMSOL Multiphysics对铌酸锂晶片磨削加工仿真的方法,为模拟铌酸锂晶片磨削减薄过程,对比分析了7种不同厚度的铌酸锂晶片在磨削加工时的应力分布和变形情况,对有外加电载荷磨削加工情况也进行了耦合仿真。研究结果表明,未施加电场时铌酸锂晶片的变形量随着晶片减薄过程逐渐减小,当铌酸锂晶片减薄至80μm时,晶片的外围出现均匀分布的4个应力集中位置,容易导致晶片产生裂纹甚至破裂;铌酸锂晶片变形量因外加电载荷而减小,因此合理施加外电场能够有效减弱晶片的应力集中趋势。     

基于COMSOL Multiphysic的煤层甲烷拟稳态吸附-运移数值模拟

由于煤层甲烷在煤岩体中的运移过程及其复杂，因此用来描述其运移的数学模型常常是高阶非线性的偏微分方程，为了能更好的解决此类问题，本文采用多重物理量数值模拟软件COMSOLMultiphysic对所建的拟稳态运移模型进行了模拟求解的研究，结果表明用该软件模拟的压力和浓度动态曲线更符合实际情况，而且可以用动态可视化模块来模拟压降过程。