Causes of chatter in a hot strip mill: Observations, qualitative analyses and mathematical modelling

Severe vibrations, known as chatter, occur often in both hot and cold rolling of steel. A recent chatter outbreak at the second stand of hot strip mill in Hastings, Australia, prompted an investigation into the causes of chatter by a literature review, the development and deployment of mathematical models, and a rigorous analysis of plant observations. The investigation suggests that the frictional conditions in the roll gap are the principal cause of chatter in this mill, though residual chatter marks on work rolls can occasionally cause it. The frictional conditions appear to be associated with the thickness and properties of oxide formed on rolls.     

Active suppression of chatter in peripheral milling. Part II. Application of fuzzy control

In this paper, a feasibility study is conducted where fuzzy logic control is investigated to actively vary spindle speed modulation parameters for chatter suppression. A justification for using fuzzy control is given, as well as a brief synopsis of the fuzzy inferencing mechanism. Proportional and proportional-integral fuzzy control algorithms are developed. The set point in these controllers is established from experimental observations and measurements of the machined surfaces. Controller performance is tested by simulating changes in the axial depth of cut from a stable depth to 20% and 50% beyond the stable limit for constant speed cutting. It was found that both controllers were able to regulate the vibration in the milling process, however, the proportional-integral controller generally exhibited more desirable performance characteristics.     

On-line cutting state recognition in turning Using a neural network

Tool wear, chatter vibration, chip breaking and built-up edge are the main phenomena to be monitored in modern manufacturing processes. Much work has been carried out in the analysis and detection of these phenomena. However, most work has been mainly concerned with single, isolated detection of such phenomena. The relationships between each fault have so far received very little attention. This paper presents a neural-network-based on-line fault diagnosis scheme which monitors the level of tool wear, chatter vibration and chip breaking in a turning operation. The experimental results show that the neural network has a high prediction success rate.     

平整机支持辊表面振纹形成原因及控制方法研究

针对某1700平整机支持辊表面振纹问题,进行了现场跟踪测试和振动模态分析,发现了平整机振动频率、轧制速度和振纹间距三者之间的对应关系和轧辊表面之间的速差现象,掌握了振纹特征和形成原因,并从速度控制方面提出了解决措施,取得了理想效果。     

Uncharted islands of chatter instability in milling

This paper provides conclusive evidence that isolated islands of chatter vibration can exist in milling processes. Investigations show these islands are induced by the tool helix angle and act to separate regions of period-doubling and quasi-periodic behavior. Modeling efforts develop an analytical force model with three piecewise continuous regions of cutting that describe helix angle tools. Theoretical results examine the asymptotic stability trends for several different radial immersions and helix angles. In addition, new results are shown through the implementation of a temporal finite element analysis approach for delay equations written in the form of a state space model. Predictions are validated by a series of experimental tests that confirm the isolated island phenomenon.     

On the stabilizing and destabilizing effects of damping in wood cutting machines

In this paper an analytical investigation of the possibility of employing damping elements to prevent chatter instability in wood machining is presented. A simplified model of a two-degree-of-freedom machine for wood cutting is first established. Then, the stabilizing effect of damping on the initially unstable and undamped system is investigated. The influence of damping on flutter and divergence instability is analyzed separately following different approaches. Some simplified assumptions are made to facilitate the analysis and a set of explicit conditions ensuring stability is found. Since the studied system is nonconservative, not only the effect of damping on the initially unstable system is investigated, but also its effect on the initially stable system. In particular, a condition preventing the destabilization of the system is achieved through the eigenvalue sensitivity analysis. The results attained might ensure important productivity improvements in real wood machining applications.     

INFLUENCE OF MATERIAL REMOVAL ON THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES IN PERIPHERAL MILLING

Machining is a material removal process that alters the dynamic properties during machining operations. The peripheral milling of a thin-walled structure generates vibration of the workpiece and this influences the quality of the machined surface. A reduction of tool life and spindle life can also be experienced when machining is subjected to vibration. In this paper, the linearized stability lobes theory allows us to determine critical and optimal cutting conditions for which vibration is not apparent in the milling of thin-walled workpieces. The evolution of the mechanical parameters of the cutting tool, machine tool and workpiece during the milling operation are not taken into account. The critical and optimal cutting conditions depend on dynamic properties of the workpiece. It is illustrated how the stability lobes theory is used to evaluate the variation of the dynamic properties of the thin-walled workpiece. We use both modal measurement and finite element method to establish a 3D representation of stability lobes. The 3D representation allows us to identify spindle speed values at which the variation of spindle speed is initiated to improve the surface finish of the workpiece.     

一种新的切削刚度系数识别方法

在研究机床切削系统稳定性极限预测的过程中,切削刚度系数ke的准确识别是其中最为关键的一项工作。文中在对刀架施加振动激励,变稳态切削为动态切削的基础上．以动态切削力为研究对象,推导切削刚度系数ke的数学模型,并在切削试验中通过对动态切削力信号及其与振动位移信号相位差的测量,准确有效地识别切削刚度系数ke。试验结果表明,文中的切削刚度的识别方法可以为机床切削系统稳定性预测理论分析和试验研究提供更为准确的动力学参数。