Categorization of risk factors for distributed agile projects

ContextOrganizations combine agile approach and Distributed Software Development (DSD) in order to develop better quality software solutions in lesser time and cost. It helps to reap the benefits of both agile and distributed development but pose significant challenges and risks. Relatively scanty evidence of research on the risks prevailing in distributed agile development (DAD) has motivated this study.ObjectiveThis paper aims at creating a comprehensive set of risk factors that affect the performance of distributed agile development projects and identifies the risk management methods which are frequently used in practice for controlling those risks.MethodThe study is an exploration of practitioners’ experience using constant comparison method for analyzing in-depth interviews of thirteen practitioners and work documents of twenty-eight projects from thirteen different information technology (IT) organizations. The field experience was supported by extensive research literature on risk management in traditional, agile and distributed development.ResultsAnalysis of qualitative data from interviews and project work documents resulted into categorization of forty-five DAD risk factors grouped under five core risk categories. The risk categories were mapped to Leavitt’s model of organizational change for facilitating the implementation of results in real world. The risk factors could be attributed to the conflicting properties of DSD and agile development. Besides that, some new risk factors have been experienced by practitioners and need further exploration as their understanding will help the practitioners to act on time.ConclusionOrganizations are adopting DAD for developing solutions that caters to the changing business needs, while utilizing the global talent. Conflicting properties of DSD and agile approach pose several risks for DAD. This study gives a comprehensive categorization of the risks faced by the practitioners in managing DAD projects and presents frequently used methods to reduce their impact. The work fills the yawning research void in this field.     

Quantification of six bioactive compounds in Zhenqi Fuzheng preparation by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and evaporative light scattering detector

A simple and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array detector (DAD) and evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) was established for the determination of six...     

Interference-free determination of illegal dyes in sauces and condiments by matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) and liquid chromatography (HPLC–DAD)

A fast, simple and effective extraction method based on matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) was developed and validated for the simultaneous cleaning-up and quantitative extraction of illegal dyes (sudan I, sudan II, sudan III and sudan IV) from different sauces and condiments. Several parameters as sorbent, cleaning procedure to eliminate carothenoids and other interferences, and solvents for elution were evaluated to find the optimal MSPD conditions. The best results were obtained using a system containing washed sea sand and Florisil as sorbents and sodium sulphate as desiccant; hexane was used as defatted agent and acetonitrile as elution solvent. Quantitative analyses were performed by liquid chromatography (LC) with diode array detection (DAD). The chromatographic separation was performed on a Phenomenex Synergy Polar RP column with isocratic elution using methanol/acetonitrile/water 65/20/15, v/v/v, as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min⁻¹ and 30 °C of temperature. Under these conditions sudan I–IV recoveries were between 60% and 99% and relative standard deviations ranging from 2.0% to 10.0%. Limits of detection resulted five times lower than the values required by European regulations and were ranged between 0.05 and 0.09 μg g⁻¹. The applicability of this MSPD–DAD method to determine illegal sudan dyes in sauce and condiment samples was demonstrated. This method has potential to be applied using a simple instrumentation present in most analytical laboratories.     

一种基于转交地址池的层次移动IPv6改进协议

层次移动IPv6协议中,链路转交地址和区域转交地址的重复地址检测操作需要的时间占IP层切换延时的绝大部分。提出了一种层次移动IPv6改进协议,引入链路转交地址池和区域转交地址池,从地址池直接获取转交地址,避免了重复地址检测操作。实验表明,相比层次移动IPv6协议,有效缩短了切换延时。     

Metabolic profile and biological activities of Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco: Studies on the essential oil and polar extracts

We investigated the metabolic profile and biological activities of the essential oil and polar extracts of Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco collected in south Portugal. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed that oxygen-containing monoterpenes was the principal group of compounds identified in the essential oil. Camphor (40.6%) and fenchone (38.0%) were found as the major constituents. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) analysis allowed the identification of hydroxycinnamic acids (3-O-caffeoylquinic, 4-O-caffeoylquinic, 5-O-caffeoylquinic and rosmarinic acids) and flavones (luteolin and apigenin) in the polar extracts, with rosmarinic acid being the main compound in most of them. The bioactive compounds from L. pedunculata polar extracts were the most efficient free-radical scavengers, Fe²⁺ chelators and inhibitors of malondialdehyde production, while the essential oil was the most active against acetylcholinesterase. Our results reveal that the subspecies of L. pedunculata studied is a potential source of active metabolites with a positive effect on human health.     

液质联用分析测定苦荞黄酮

本文采用RP-HPLC-DAD/MS在苦荞籽粒中发现了山奈酚;并对苦荞中的总黄酮和其中的四种主要黄酮醇:槲皮素-3-芸香糖葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)、芦丁(Ⅱ)、山奈酚-3-芸香糖苷(Ⅲ)、槲皮素(IV)进行了定量。总黄酮含量为0.174%～4.614%,(I)、(II)、(III)、(IV)在壳、麸皮、外层粉、心粉、山西苦荞粉中的含量分别为0.0153%～0.0448%,0.0816%～4.1054%,0.0043%～0.1330%,0.0062%～0.5332%。     

维吾尔族地毯图案数字化技术

 针对织物图案CAD中需要保存和传承民族的风格特点,以维吾尔族的恰其曼地毯设计为实例,提出一种研究织物图案的CAD方案。首先,通过标识地毯图案元素,利用模板匹配算法提取图案中的同类元素,构成不同类别的图案基因库;然后引入PhotoShop中的路径、画笔预设技术,实现组合PhotoShop技术的织物图案风格化设计。该方法真实地引入了民族地毯的风格设计元素,可以设计出具有民族特色的维吾尔族地毯图案     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中5种α-羟基酸

样品用水超声提取20 min,离心、过滤,以Agilent ZORBAX-C8分析柱分离分析,二级管阵列检测器检测,结合保留时间和光谱定性分析,外标法定量.5种α-羟基酸在100～1000 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R＞0.9998.这5种α-羟基酸在200和500 mg/L添加水平下的回收率在95.7％～110.0％之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于1.5％(n=6).方法中酒石酸、乙醇酸、R-苹果酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、L-苹果酸的检出限分别为4.6、16.1、13.3、23.8、19.7和38.7 mg/kg.结果表明,该方法适用于化妆品中5种α-羟基酸含量的检测.     

移动自组网的IP地址自动配置技术研究

列举了一些现有的移动自组网的IP地址自动配置方案,并对其优劣进行了分析,从而总结出解决该技术需要重点考虑的问题,在此基础上提出了一种二段式的解决方案,最后通过仿真分析了其性能。     

Study of hydroxycinnamic acids and malvidin 3-monoglucoside derivatives using capillary zone electrophoresis and ultra-performance liquid chromatography

Model solutions (pH = 3.5, 12% ethanol) of malvidin 3-O-glucoside (Mv3glc), the most common free anthocyanin in grapes and red wines from Vitis vinifera, and three free hydroxycinnamic acids present in wines (caffeic, ferulic and p-coumaric acids) were studied.