Stem Photosynthesis—A Key Element of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Acclimatisation to Salinity

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) is a leguminous plant of outstanding tolerance to abiotic stress. The aim of the presented study was to describe the mechanism of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) photosynthetic apparatus acclimatisation strategies to salinity stress. The seedlings were cultivated in a hydroponic system in media containing various concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, and 100 mM), imitating none, moderate, and severe salinity, respectively, for three weeks. In order to characterise the function and structure of the photosynthetic apparatus, Chl a fluorescence, gas exchange measurements, proteome analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis were done inter alia. Significant differences in the response of the leaf and stem photosynthetic apparatus to severe salt stress were observed. Leaves became the place of harmful ion (Na⁺) accumulation, and the efficiency of their carboxylation decreased sharply. In turn, in stems, the reconstruction of the photosynthetic apparatus (antenna and photosystem complexes) activated alternative electron transport pathways, leading to effective ATP synthesis, which is required for the efficient translocation of Na⁺ to leaves. These changes enabled efficient stem carboxylation and made them the main source of assimilates. The observed changes indicate the high plasticity of grass pea photosynthetic apparatus, providing an effective mechanism of tolerance to salinity stress.     

A miniature triaxial apparatus for investigating the micromechanics of granular soils with in situ X-ray micro-tomography scanning

The development of a miniature triaxial apparatus is presented. In conjunction with an X-ray micro-tomography (termed as X-ray μCT hereafter) facility and advanced image processing techniques, this apparatus can be used for in situ investigation of the micro-scale mechanical behavior of granular soils under shear. The apparatus allows for triaxial testing of a miniature dry sample with a size of \mathrm{8}\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{mm}\times \mathrm{16}\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{mm} (diameter \times height). In situ triaxial testing of a 0.4–0.8 mm Leighton Buzzard sand (LBS) under a constant confining pressure of 500 kPa is presented. The evolutions of local porosities (i.e., the porosities of regions associated with individual particles), particle kinematics (i.e., particle translation and particle rotation) of the sample during the shear are quantitatively studied using image processing and analysis techniques. Meanwhile, a novel method is presented to quantify the volumetric strain distribution of the sample based on the results of local porosities and particle tracking. It is found that the sample, with nearly homogenous initial local porosities, starts to exhibit obvious inhomogeneity of local porosities and localization of particle kinematics and volumetric strain around the peak of deviatoric stress. In the post-peak shear stage, large local porosities and volumetric dilation mainly occur in a localized band. The developed triaxial apparatus, in its combined use of X-ray μCT imaging techniques, is a powerful tool to investigate the micro-scale mechanical behavior of granular soils.     

GOLPH3 Regulates EGFR in T98G Glioblastoma Cells by Modulating Its Glycosylation and Ubiquitylation

Protein trafficking is altered when normal cells acquire a tumor phenotype. A key subcellular compartment in regulating protein trafficking is the Golgi apparatus, but its role in carcinogenesis is still not well defined. Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), a peripheral membrane protein mostly localized at the trans-Golgi network, is overexpressed in several tumor types including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most lethal primary brain tumor. Moreover, GOLPH3 is currently considered an oncoprotein, however its precise function in GBM is not fully understood. Here, we analyzed in T98G cells of GBM, which express high levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the effect of stable RNAi-mediated knockdown of GOLPH3. We found that silencing GOLPH3 caused a significant reduction in the proliferation of T98G cells and an unexpected increase in total EGFR levels, even at the cell surface, which was however less prone to ligand-induced autophosphorylation. Furthermore, silencing GOLPH3 decreased EGFR sialylation and fucosylation, which correlated with delayed ligand-induced EGFR downregulation and its accumulation at endo-lysosomal compartments. Finally, we found that EGF failed at promoting EGFR ubiquitylation when the levels of GOLPH3 were reduced. Altogether, our results show that GOLPH3 in T98G cells regulates the endocytic trafficking and activation of EGFR likely by affecting its extent of glycosylation and ubiquitylation.     

电子衡器特殊故障的分析及处理

因为电子衡器在安装与调试过程中出现的较为特殊的故障，难以找出正确的起因与处理方法，所以介绍了如何保证电子衡器的正常使用和计量准确性的工作体会。     

Cytochemical characteristics of the golgi apparatus

Lectinocytochemistry provides a useful tool for localizing subcompartments of the complex reticular apparatus of Golgi. The technique is based on interactions of lectins with glycoconjugates present in the limiting membranes and luminal spaces of Golgi elements. Application of a series of lectins of different sugar specificities permits a differentiation between Golgi subcompartments containing glycoconjugates with different oligosaccharide side chains. These may be (a) different glycoconjugates or (b) glycoconjugates at different stages during synthesis or repair of their glycans. The lectinocytochemical studies with mannose-, glucose-, N-acetyl-glucosamine-, N-acetylgalactosamine-, galactose-, fucose-, and sialic acid-recognizing lectins revealed predominating patterns that labeled distinct, i.e., cis, medial, trans, and transmost, regions of the Golgi apparatus. A further refinement could be achieved by differential lectin-inhibition that enables a dissection of lectin binding reactions on the basis of their binding affinities. High-affinity binding reactions showed that subcompartments are not necessarily confined to one single Golgi subregion and may change their position from one to another subregion. Some of the patterns observed may be interpreted in relation to certain steps during synthesis and modifications of glycans.     

导向钻井系统在多目标大井斜定向井中的应用

详细介绍了C-D井在钻进过程中井眼轨迹的控制过程,总结了在C-D井中使用导向钻井系统的成功经验。用1根导向马达、2套钻具组合、3只牙轮钻头顺利地完成了定向、增斜、稳斜及降斜,7个目标点一次击中,且最小靶心距仅0.99m。用15d完成了这口斜深2287.09m、井斜58.40°、水平位移903.11m的多目标定向井,钻穿目标点之多、实钻井眼剖面符合率之高、施工难度之大、速度之快,在目前国内都处于领先地位。     

蝶阀加工及装配工艺的研究

传统工艺加工阀体、活门时，对机床的性能要求较高，一般为数控镗床。介绍了一种采用普通镗床加工阀体、活门的工艺方法及蝶阀在厂内装配的工艺方法。     

100吨转炉设备安装

针对100吨转炉设备安装过程中设备重量超载，超高，无法直接采用行车安装的情况，采用了设备分体移位吊装，现场整体组合焊接的施工工艺方案，设计专用安装工装，确保了设备安装精度并一次安装到位。     

理学SMX-10/11型X荧光光谱仪的改进

对理学SMX-10／ll型X荧光光谱仪真空系统、样品定位系统及热交换器冷却水循环路径等易发生故障部位进行改进，并在11型仪器上增加了S元素分析通道。生产应用表明，改进效果良好，简化了分析工艺。降低了分析成本，提高了仪器的稳定性。     

食品高压装置

高压装置是研究高压食品科学、开发和生产高压食品的核心设备，能否提供性能优良、价格相对便宜的装置是高压食品产业化的关键。本文系统介绍食品高压处理装置的类型、结构、性能、特点及最新研究进展，并就如何降低高压装置造价，提高生产能力等关键问题进行探讨。