沿街既有建筑物隔振体系的开发应用

运用基尔霍夫原理,对沿街既有建筑物隔振体系建立计算模型,进行了理论计算分析;同时,结合某沿街建筑工程采用屏蔽法,既采用浅沟中填嵌柔性材料来隔绝振动波的传递的方法建立隔振体系,并结合该工程实际情况选取隔振材料,利用DASJ桥梁与结构动态检测系统进行“隔振对比测试”。结果表明,本文所建议的建筑物隔振体系将大幅度降低车辆通过时对建筑物所产生的振动,实用效果良好。     

A mechanistic study of the effect of pigment loading on the appearance of powder coatings: The effect of surface topography on the optical properties of powder coatings: Modelling and experimental results

Gloss is a critical property for many powder coating applications and is related to the amount of light reflected by the coating layer on a substrate. Gloss of powder coatings can, depending on the composition, vary from excellent to matt. It is well known in the powder coatings industry that increasing loadings of pigment, especially TiO₂, causes a detrimental loss of gloss. In order to understand the cause of this phenomenon two questions have to be addressed: firstly, what is the relation between the optical properties and the surface topography of the powder coating and, secondly, how do the powder coating composition and curing conditions affect the surface topography? In order to answer the first question, the typical features of the surface of a cured powder coating have been studied in detail. Using a white light interferometer, it has been shown that the surface topography consists of both short wave and long wave patterns. Each of these patterns could be described by using two statistical parameters only, the root mean square height of the roughness and its correlation length. The effect of both the short and long wave roughness on the gloss has been simulated with a single wave pattern model, based on an approximation of the Kirchoff scattering theory [9]. These simulations illustrated that neither the short nor the long wave roughness on itself determines the optical properties. In order to quantify the combined effect of the long and short wave surface features a two-scale modelling approach was followed. The predictions of this model were in good agreement with experimental gloss data of coatings containing different amounts and types of pigments.     

Deflection and stress-resultants of axisymmetric mindlin plates in terms of corresponding Kirchhoff solutions

The Kirchhoff plate theory, when used for the analysis of bending of plates that are relatively thick, underpredicts the deflections. This is because it does not account for the effect of transverse shear deformation which becomes significant in thick plates. A more refined plate theory proposed by Mindlin allows for this shear deformation effect by relaxing the condition that the normal to the plate midsurface must remain normal to the deformed midsurface. In this paper, new exact relationships are presented between the Kirchhoff and Mindlin solutions for deflection and stress-resultants for axisymmetric plates under general rotationally symmetric loading. These relationships enable engineers and designers to obtain readily the Mindlin solutions, of such loaded axisymmetric plates, from the abundantly available Kirchhoff solutions. Thus, the task of obtaining solutions from complicated shear deformable plate analysis using the Mindlin theory may be avoided.     

一种基于节点删除法的候鸟栖息地重要性评估方法研究与实现

提出了一种基于节点删除法的候鸟栖息地重要性评估方法。通过计算栖息地对网络连通性的影响和候鸟停留时间的加权和,将栖息地按照重要性排序,最后利用黄海渤海区域的卫星遥测GPS数据进行了验证。实验结果表明,该方法得出的前10个最重要的栖息地中,有9个均位于IUCN所列出的区域中,因此,该方法有一定的实际意义,可用在对候鸟栖息地的重要性分析中,分析结果可以为制定候鸟保护策略提供参考。     

Loss of specular reflection due to nonlinear crack-face interaction

The interaction between rough crack faces is modeled by nonlinear relations between the crack-face tractions and the crack-opening displacements. These relations account for crack closure and for the related resistance to crack-face sliding. The relations are used to investigate reflection and transmission of an incident pulse by an infinite flaw plane. The problem statement is reduced to a set of inhomogeneous nonlinear ordinary differential equations for the displacement discontinuities, [u] and [v], across the flaw plane. These equations have been solved numerically. The reflection and transmission of an incident pulse by a crack with interacting crack faces. Both incident longitudinal and transverse waves have been considered. The loss of specular reflection as compared to a perfect (traction-free) crack is exhibited by specific examples.