Analysis of Reusability using ‘Marginal Reuse Rate’

While reuse is an effective lifecycle option in terms of reduction of environmental loads and value of reutilization, reuse has inherent difficulties. Our naive question is why component reuse of home appliances seems impossible while that of photocopiers succeeded. This paper clarifies an essential factor for successful reuse; that is, the balance between supply and demand of reusables, and proposes an index named ‘marginal reuse rate,’ which indicates upper limit of reusability. By using this index, reusability of several products is analyzed. The marginal reuse rate indicates that design of lifecycle, in addition to product design, is indispensable for successful reuse.     

移动环境下一种缓存管理策略

移动计算环境中带宽具有非对称性,并且移动设备资源有限,传统的缓存管理策略需要占用大量的设备计算资源和网络带宽,有效的缓存管理技术能够极大提高移动计算的性能。对此提出一系列的针对移动计算的缓存管理策略。首先根据用户访问频率建立对应的具有生命周期的数据项缓存,然后使用自适应一致性维护策略维护缓存的一致性。通过实验分析,提出的管理策略能够很好地降低带宽占用,并且有效地减少对移动客户端的资源需求。     

Role-based access to facilities lifecycle information on RFID tags

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based systems have been used in different applications in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, Owner and Operator (AECOO) industry. Applications are mainly designed for specific lifecycle stage of the facility and serve the needs of only one of the stakeholders. This would increase the cost and the labor for adding and removing tags and eliminate the chance of using shared resources. In this paper, the usage of tags permanently attached to components is proposed where the memory of the tags is used during the lifecycle by different stakeholders for data storage and handover. A Building Information Model (BIM) database is used for tackling the interoperability issues allowing different users to access and share the data. To securely and efficiently store data on RFID tags in ifcXML format, multi-level encryption together with role-based access control is applied on the data stored on RFID tags. Each user is assigned a certain role and can only access the part of data for which he has authorization according to a predefined role and the Access Control Policy. To explore the technical feasibility of the proposed approach, a case study considering both facilities management and emergency management has been implemented and tested at Concordia University.     

基于Stackelberg领导模式下的云资源定价研究

资源管理是云计算中最重要的一部分。介绍了基于现有云银行模型的云银行生命周期,并提出了合适的定价策略。它根据不同时期云银行的特点得出不同的定价策略。本文的目的是提供一个自动更新机制来定价云资源,从而最大化所有参与者的利益。     

Automatic CoDec generation to reduce test engineering cost

TTCN-3 is an abstract language for specification of Abstract Test Suites. Coding of TTCN-3 values into physically transmittable messages and decoding of bitstrings into their TTCN-3 representation has been removed from the language itself and relayed to external and specialized components, called CoDec. CoDec development, either implicitly or explicitly, is a must in any TTCN-3 testing activity. Field experience showed that there is a high cost associated with CoDec development and maintenance. To achieve adequate software engineering practices, a set of types, tools and definitions were developed. This paper unveils gray areas in TTCN-3 architecture and presents a methodological approach to minimize the complexity of CoDec development. Even though the initial field of application is IPv6 testing, the main tool introduced—the CoDec Generator—is a valuable tool in any testing application domain. It is designed to lower the CoDec maintenance costs in all test case lifecycle stages, from development to maintenance. This work has been partly supported by the IST Go4IT European project: .     

财政票据生命周期管理方法的研究与实现

提出了财政票据生命周期的概念。阐述了财政票据生命周期管理的原理，介绍了支持该原理的两项关键技术：实现财政票据生命周期管理的数据表达方法——分布式数据的组织、传输与集成；支持财政票据生命周期管理的业务流和数据流的集成技术——基于模板的财政票据多代理定制技术。实现了财政票据生命周期管理系统，做到了财政票据在收费全过程中的“闭环”管理，进而提高政府财政收费的效率及透明性。     

Proposal of cause–effect pattern library for realizing sustainable businesses

Sustainable business design has gained growing interest in recent years. However, it is often difficult to clarify which business activities actually contribute to (or violate) the sustainability of the earth due to high complexity of environmental and economical system of our society. In order to help a business to generate sustainable business ideas handling this complexity in a systematic and comprehensive manner, this paper proposes a method to formulate a wide variety of causalities in our society into a cause–effect pattern library and illustrates how to use it for design and planning of sustainable businesses.     

面向产品全生命周期的工艺流程管理系统的模型设计

开发一个面向产品全生命周期的工艺流程管理系统，目的是建立与实施一条通贯产品全生命周期的工艺全局的过程链，这样可以对产品工艺的整个形成过程进行灵活的控制。工艺流程管理系统模型是整个管理系统的基础。通过面向产品全生命周期的整个工艺过程。针对企业工艺过程自身的特点，论述了工艺流程管理系统的模型设计，分别介绍其中的过程模型、组织模型、资源模型和工作流相关数据，并着重对过程模型及其相应的对象设计进行了详细介绍。     

钢铁产品生命周期的铁资源效率研究

我国是铁矿石资源贫乏国家,矿石品位低,开采成本高。特别是近年来随着我国钢铁产能的迅速提升,铁矿石资源的利用问题愈发突出。本文以资源效率作为衡量天然资源节约程度的指标,设计了一张有时间概念的钢铁产品生命周期铁流图,在此基础上研究铁的排放率、大循环率、产量年均变化率和平均使用寿命对铁资源效率的影响规律,以此指导铁矿资源的高效利用。     

Carbon footprint as environmental performance indicator for the manufacturing industry

With the current focus on our climate change impacts, the embodied CO₂ emission or “Carbon footprint” is often used as an environmental performance indicator for our products or production activities. The ability of carbon footprint to represent other types of impact like human toxicity, and hence the overall environmental impact is investigated based on life cycle assessments of several materials of major relevance to manufacturing industries. The dependence of the carbon footprint on the assumed scenarios for generation of thermal and electrical energy in the life cycle of the materials is analyzed, and the appropriateness of carbon footprint as an overall indicator of the environmental performance is discussed.