Contributions of higher order terms to nonlinear waves in fluid-filled elastic tubes: strongly dispersive case

In the present work, employing the nonlinear equations of an incompressible, isotropic and elastic thin tube and the approximate equations of an incompressible inviscid fluid, and then utilizing the modified reductive perturbation technique presented by us [15] the amplitude modulation of weakly nonlinear waves is examined. It is shown that the first order term in the perturbation expansion is governed by a nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the second order term is governed by the linearized Schrödinger equation with a nonhomogeneous term. In the longwave limit a travelling wave type of solution to these equations are also given.     

An automated tanh-function method for finding solitary wave solutions to non-linear evolution equations

The tanh-function method for finding explicit travelling solitary wave solutions to non-linear evolution equations is described. The method is usually extremely tedious to use by hand. We present a Mathematica package ATFM that deals with the tedious algebra and outputs directly the required solutions. The use of the package is illustrated by applying it to a variety of equations; not only are previously known solutions recovered but in some cases more general forms of solution are obtained.     

基于改进LVQ算法的肺结节识别与分类

目前,肺癌的是发病率最高的肿瘤,若能在早期发现癌变并进行相应治疗,将极大的提高患者的生存率。肺癌的症状在早期表现为肺结节。以提高肺结节检测识别率并进行良恶性分类为目的,提出了一种改进的LVQ分类器算法。首先使用C-V算法对原始图像进行肺实质分割,再使用最优阈值法进行感兴趣区域提取,并进行特征提取和特征归一化。使用多次聚类算法检测肺结节。使用基于改进的LVQ分类器进行肺结节的良恶性进行分类。利用改进后的LVQ分类器在LIDC数据集上进行实验,得到了对良性结节的确诊率为87.3%,对恶性结节的确诊率为80.8%。实验结果表明,改进后的算法在良恶性结节分类上具有较高的确诊率,有助于提高医生的工作效率,实现肺结节的辅助发现。     

Vortex pattern and wave motion produced by a bottom blunt body moving at a critical speed

An underwater object moving at a near-critical speed in a shallow-water domain had been observed to generate a sequence of upstream propagating solitary waves with an elongated depression of water surface and a train of dispersive waves followed in the downstream. This study presents the development of a two-dimensional stream function–vorticity based viscous fluid model with satisfied nonlinear free-surface conditions to study the generation of solitary waves and the induced vortex motion under the forcing of a moving object. A combined finite analytic and finite difference method is adopted to solve the flow field equations and free-surface boundary conditions in a transient curvilinear coordinate system. The model is shown to produce free-surface elevations in fairly good agreements with published results for a test case of a moving smooth bump. Other tests for the generation of recirculation zone behind a body of square shape in a confined fluid domain are also conducted to further verify the model performance. The results showing the generation of upstream advancing solitary waves and downstream vortex pattern by a blunt rectangular body moving at a critical speed along the bottom in a domain with free surface are presented. Comparisons of results from potential flow and viscous flow conditions are made to demonstrate the importance of viscosity to the wave generation. Different from the relatively regular vortex pattern occurred under the case of Re = 3500, the transition of the vortex motion for a larger Reynolds number (e.g. Re = 35,000) evolves without a regular pattern throughout the generation process of the advancing solitons. The effects of the size and bluntness of a moving object on the generated flow field and free-surface elevations are also analyzed and discussed.     

Numerical solution of the ‘classical’ Boussinesq system

We consider the ‘classical’ Boussinesq system of water wave theory, which belongs to the class of Boussinesq systems modelling two-way propagation of long waves of small amplitude on the surface of water in a horizontal channel. (We also consider its completely symmetric analog.) We discretize the initial-boundary-value problem for these systems, corresponding to homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions on the velocity variable at the endpoints of a finite interval, using fully discrete Galerkin-finite element methods of high accuracy. We use the numerical schemes as exploratory tools to study the propagation and interactions of solitary-wave solutions of these systems, as well as other properties of their solutions.     

基于局部闭值和聚类中心迭代的肺结节检测算法

肺部疾病通常以肺结节的形式表现出来。为了对肺部疾病进行诊断治疗,需要对肺结节进行准确的检测。提出了基于局部阈值和聚类中心迭代的肺结节检测算法。首先,对肺实质图像采用局部阈值算法,提取感兴趣区域(ROIs),并且计算ROIs的形态特征、灰度特征和纹理特征;其次,结合规则、聚类中心迭代和欧式距离,对ROIs进行分类。实验结果表明,所提算法能够较好地检测出孤立性结节、低对比度结节和粘连肺壁结节。     

Grain count in castings: theoretical background and experimental verification

In this work, a theoretical model is proposed for heterogeneous nucleation on substrates whose size distributions can be described by the Weibull statistics. In particular, the proposed model suggests that the size distribution for the various nucleation sites is exponential in nature. Measurements of grain count were carried out on experimental Al–1·3Si and Al–5·0Cu single phase alloys inoculated using an Al–5Ti–1B master alloy. In addition, experimental nodular and flake graphite iron castings were processed under various metallurgical conditions. In single phase alloys, the area of the equiaxed dendritic grain count was estimated from the electron backscattering diffraction analysis, whereas the graphite nodule and graphite eutectic cell count were estimated on polished cast iron surface sections by stereological means. In addition, maximum undercoolings were determined by thermal analysis. The experimental outcome indicates that the grain count can be properly described by a proposed exponential function of the maximum undercooling at the onset of alloy solidification. Finally, the magnitudes of the nucleation parameters were experimentally determined in this work.     

Attitude of Iranian physicians and nurses toward a clinical decision support system for pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis

This research project sought to design and implement a computerized clinical decision support system (CDSS) that was able to identify patients who were at risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), as well as produce reminders for prophylactic action for these diseases. The main purpose of the CDSS was to attempt to reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by embolism and thrombosis in patients admitted to hospitals. After implementation of this system in one of the large educational hospitals of Iran, a standard questionnaire was used, and interviews were conducted with physicians and nurses to evaluate the performance of the designed system for reducing the incidence of pulmonary embolism and thrombosis. From physicians and nurses’ point of view, a system which assists the medical staff in making better decisions regarding patient care, and also reminds pulmonary embolism and thrombosis preventive procedures with timely warnings, can influence patient care quality improvement and lead to the improved performance of the medical staff in preventing the incidence of pulmonary embolism and thrombosis.     

Effect of single and double strap backpacks on lung function

Carrying heavy and moderate military loads in backpacks or as body armour compresses the chest, causing a change in lung function that is typical of a restrictive ventilatory impairment. It is not known if a lighter backpack load of only 6?kg, such as is typical of loads carried by students, will have a similar effect on lung function. There have been no studies examining whether backpacks of different strapping styles have an effect on lung function. Several designs of student backpack have recently been introduced to the market. One of the most popular is a single-strap backpack. This study examined Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV₁), FEV₁.FVC^???1% and Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) in 13 participants (4 males, 9 females) wearing each of two 6?kg backpacks, one with two shoulder straps (a Double Strap Backpack (DSB)) and the other with a single strap (a Single Strap Backpack (SSB)) worn across the shoulder and chest. In comparison with the control of no pack (N), SSB significantly reduced FVC (by 3.94%, p?=?0.006) but there were no significant differences in FEV₁, FEV₁. FVC^???1% and PEF. The DSB also significantly reduced FVC (by 1.97%, p?=?0.034) but no significant differences were found in FEV₁, FEV₁. FVC^???1% and PEF measures. In comparison with DSB, the SSB was associated with a significantly lower FVC (by 2.05%, p?=?0.049) and FEV₁ (by 1.88%, p?=?0.029) but there were no significant changes in FEV₁. FVC^???1% and PEF. It is concluded that a backpack load of 6?kg could produce a mild restrictive type of ventilatory impairment in lung function. This effect was greater for a single cross-chest strap than for a more conventional double strap harness.     

胸部CT图像中孤立性肺结节良恶性快速分类

目的：为突破医学影像诊断学依据医学征象进行定性诊断准确度不高的瓶颈,针对胸部CT图像中孤立性肺结节（SPN）定性诊断问题,寻求能够有效表示SPN病理特性的图像特征,实现快速准确地SPN良恶性计算机辅助诊断系统。方法：首先,采取交互式分割方法从胸部CT图像中提取出SPN;其次,直接计算SPN图像的多分辨率直方图得到768维空间信息特征样本集;然后,充分利用具有处理高维数据集优势的支持向量机（SVM）构造SPN良恶性分类器;最后,通过测试样本集对经训练后的SVM分类器进行测试以评价分类性能。结果：经214例病例实验结果表明：240个SPN图像的768维特征计算所用时间为4.83秒,SVM分类器训练测试所用时间为2.24秒,敏感性71.33%,特异性70%,准确度71.67%,接受者操作特性曲线(ROC)下面积(AUC) 0.7864。结论：该系统提取的高维图像空间信息特征能够有效表示SPN特性;没有考虑医学征象进行SPN定性诊断的准确度就达到了71.67%,同时分类速度比传统纹理算法提高了近50倍,为医学影像学解决SPN定性诊断问题提供了便捷、客观的辅助手段。