A note on a local twist estimator

For the construction of composite surfaces interpolating a given curve net a new local twist estimator was proposed recently (Farin and Hagen, 1992). Some properties of this estimator—including an explicit representation for Gaussian curvature K at the knots of the curve net—are presented in this note.     

Modeling of tool wear in drilling by statistical analysis and artificial neural network

The useful life of a cutting tool and its operating conditions largely control the economics of the machining operations. Hence, it is imperative that the condition of the cutting tool, particularly some indication as to when it requires changing, to be monitored. The drilling operation is frequently used as a preliminary step for many operations like boring, reaming and tapping, however, the operation itself is complex and demanding.

Back propagation neural networks were used for detection of drill wear. The neural network consisted of three layers input, hidden and output. Drill size, feed, spindle speed, torque, machining time and thrust force are given as inputs to the ANN and the flank wear was estimated. Drilling experiments with 8 mm drill size were performed by changing the cutting speed and feed at two different levels. The number of neurons in the hidden layer were selected from 1, 2, 3, …, 20. The learning rate was selected as 0.01 and no smoothing factor was used. The estimated values of tool wear were obtained by statistical analysis and by various neural network structures. Comparative analysis has been done between statistical analysis, neural network structures and the actual values of tool wear obtained by experimentation.     

Effect of tool wear on delamination in drilling composite materials

Among all machining operations, drilling using twist drill is the most frequently applied for secondary machining of composite materials owing to the need for structure joining. Delamination is mostly considered as the principal failure model in drilling of composite materials. Drill wear is a serious concern in hole-making industry, as it is necessary to prevent damage of cutting tools, machine tools and workpieces. The industrial experience shows the worn drill causes more delamination. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of delamination caused by the drill wear for twist drill in drilling carbon fiber-reinforced composite materials. The critical thrust force at the onset of delamination for worn drill is predicted and compared with that of ideal drill. The experimental results demonstrate that though the critical thrust force is higher with increasing wear ratio, the delamination becomes more liable to occur because the actual thrust force increases to larger extent, as the thrust factor (Z) illustrates. Compared to sharp drill, the worn twist drill allows for lower feed rate below which the delamination damage can be avoided.     

Finite element analysis of the plastic deformation in tandem process of simple shear extrusion and twist extrusion

Recently, simple shear extrusion (SSE) and twist extrusion (TE) are introduced to fabricate ultrafine grained bulk rod metallic materials. The SSE and TE processes generate significant deformation inhomogeneity, with higher and lower strains in the center, respectively, which easily causes mechanical instability of the materials. In this study, to overcome this deformation inhomogeneity problem in SSE and TE, a tandem process of SSE and TE (TST) is suggested. The finite element method is applied for plastic deformation behavior during the TST process. The results demonstrate that the TST process can produce relatively homogeneously deformed materials. In particular, the effects of back pressure and processing order on the plastic deformation behaviors in the TST process are systematically analyzed.     

正反捻双股线结构及其拉伸性能的研究

探讨正反捻双股线结构及拉伸性能。分别使用棉纱和涤纶长丝制成正反捻双股线并对其进行加捻、结构扫描和拉伸试验。结果表明:随着捻度的增加,纱线中的一股因同向加捻而收缩成为芯纱(丝),另一股因退捻而伸长成为包缠纱(丝),其捻缩率主要取决于芯纱(丝)的捻缩率,包缠纱(丝)对芯纱(丝)的包缠角取决于两根纱(丝)的捻缩率差异;正反捻双股线的强力低于同号的普通双股线,存在两个临界捻系数峰值;其拉伸断裂曲线在捻系数较小时会出现双峰现象,当捻系数足够大时,则呈现单峰状态。认为该研究结论可为花式纱线和复合纱线的生产与研究提供一定的实践与理论支撑。     

加工42CrMo曲轴的整体合金麻花钻头的寿命提高

针对实际生产中出现的刀具寿命低、加工区域温度过高以及加工表面质量不好等问题,结合深孔加工技术的技术特点对现场加工状况的分析,找出影响寿命的原因;通过改进刀具几何参数、加工参数以及刀具制造工艺解决了刀具寿命问题,使寿命从原来每支100件提高到150件,并提高了加工质量以及加工效率。     

轴向振动钻削中麻花钻的失效形式分析

基于硬铝和不锈钢的振动钻削试验,对振动钻削中的麻花钻的失效形式及其产生原因进行了研究,并与普通钻削中的失效形态进行了对比分析.研究结果表明:与普通钻削相比,在合理的振动参数下,振动钻削时麻花钻的前后刀面磨损现象明显减弱,且更均匀化,横刃和外缘点磨损很少发生;钻头出现折断、主刃的崩刃和剥落等破损的几率也大大减小,但是若振幅过大,易出现横刃处的崩刃现象.＃     

小直径麻花钻的钻削仿真与实验研究

小直径麻花钻的刀具结构与常规尺寸麻花钻有显著区别,两者的钻削机理差异很大。用模拟仿真与试验对比的方式对小直径麻花钻的钻削过程进行研究。采用模仿实际麻花钻加工过程的建模方式对刀具进行三维模型的创建,采用刀具绑定转动刚体零件的形式进行仿真建模。主要对小直径麻花钻钻削时的工件变形过程、刀具受力和刀具磨损进行分析,更深入的揭示小直径麻花钻的钻削机理、磨损形式,为优化小直径麻花钻强度、延长钻头寿命提供参考。实验结果与仿真分析结果一致证明这种独特的仿真建模方式用于钻削研究的有效性。     

灵活使用AE形状图层

很多朋友对Adobe Illustrator这类的矢量图制作软件很熟悉,使用起来也很得心应手.AE在CS版本以后加入Shape图层,其操作特点类似于矢量图制作软件,所不同的是它可以用来制作动画.这里我们通过三个实例来了解AE的Shape图层.     

竹节纱工艺设计及产品开发

在FA506型和FA502型细纱机上分别加装国产ZJ型和YTC83型竹节纱装置，开发生产了C27．8tex、C18tex、R／C14．5tex及Modall3tex竹节纱等品种，供喷气、剑杆织机织竹节布用。通过合理设计竹节周期、捻度、竹节长度、粗度和竹节密度等工艺，使布面风格多样化。该项改造节约了设备投资，提高了产品的市场竞争力。