金丝桃苷通过调节自噬水平减轻心肌梗死小鼠心脏及胸主动脉的损伤

目的：探讨金丝桃苷（hyperoside, Hyp）对心肌梗死小鼠心脏和胸主动脉的保护作用及可能的机制。方法：通过永久结扎小鼠冠状动脉左前降支构造心梗模型,然后将小鼠分为假手术组（生理盐水,0.1 mg/10 g）、模型组（生理盐水,0.1 mg/10 g）、金丝桃苷低、中、高浓度组（金丝桃苷,9、18、36 mg/kg）、福辛普利组（福辛普利,15 mg/kg）、金丝桃苷高剂量+3-MA组（金丝桃苷,36 mk/kg;3-MA,30 mg/kg）。药物治疗两周后检测小鼠心重指数、心电图、心功能变化、血清氧化应激水平,另外还检测小鼠胸主动脉重塑以及血管内皮功能变化。结果：心肌梗死模型组小鼠与假手术组小鼠相比,心重指数增加（P<0.01）、心电图QRS波宽度上升、高度降低（P<0.01）、心腔变大（P<0.01）、血清氧化应激水平升高（P<0.01）、胸主动脉重塑、内皮功能紊乱（P<0.01）。给予不同剂量的金丝桃苷以及福辛普利治疗两周后,小鼠心电图异常有所恢复,血清氧化应激水平降低,胸主动脉重塑及内皮功能紊乱得到一定程度的改善（P<0.05或P<0.01）。而金丝桃苷联合自噬抑制剂3-MA治疗后能够逆转金丝桃苷对心脏和血管的保护作用（P<0.05或P<0.01）。 结论：金丝桃苷对心肌梗死小鼠的心脏损伤和胸主动脉重塑以及内皮功能紊乱具有一定的保护作用,3-MA能够逆转金丝桃苷对心梗小鼠心血管的保护作用。提示金丝桃苷对心梗小鼠的心血管保护作用机制可能与金丝桃苷提高了心肌梗死后小鼠心脏自噬水平并抑制氧化应激损伤有关。     

生物软组织切割过程建模

自行设计和制造了一台可对切割力和刀具位移进行实时测量的生物软组织切割装置,并对猪主动脉壁组织开展了切割实验,对其切割特性进行了分析。切割力在组织未被切破之前随刀具位移非线性增大,呈典型的J形曲线关系;当切割力增大到一定程度时,组织被切破,切割力迅速减小;随后切割过程相对比较平稳,切割力在较小的范围内波动,呈现增大-减小的波浪形式。整个切割过程可被分为三个阶段：变形阶段、破裂阶段和切割阶段。根据能量平衡对切割过程中各个阶段能量之间的转换关系进行分析,并建立了各个切割阶段的切割力模型。在变形阶段,切割力表现为典型的非线性J形曲线关系,一个指数函数被用于拟合变形阶段的切割力;在切割阶段,根据能量平衡方程建立了切割力模型;而对于破裂阶段,由于时间非常短,切割力由破裂时的切割力直线减小。比较发现,模型所得切割力能够很好地与实验所得切割力吻合,证明切割力模型是正确的。     

条斑紫菜酶解多肽的保健功能作用

通过体外观察条斑紫菜酶解多肽(Peptides from Porphyrayezoensis,PPY)在大鼠主动脉环上拮抗去氧肾上腺素(PE)、KCl和血管紧张素I(AngI)的收缩血管作用,研究PPY的血管舒张作用及机制。结果表明:PPY可显著舒张PE、KCl和Ang I收缩的内皮完整的血管环及张PE预收缩的内皮去除的血管环,且一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-NAME不能抑制PPY的舒血管作用。因此,PPY的舒血管作用可能是非内皮依赖性的,可能既有抑制血管平滑肌细胞受体操纵性钙通道又有抑制电压依赖性钙通道的作用。     

新型抗高血压药物盐酸埃他卡林对小动脉的选择性扩张作用及其药理学机制

目的: 研究新型抗高血压药物盐酸埃他卡林(Ipt) 对小动脉的作用特性及其药理学机制。方法: 采用大鼠尾动脉螺旋状血管条和主动脉离体血管环两种组织, 对比观察盐酸埃他卡林对大、小动脉扩张作用的药理学特性, 并且利用膜片钳技术观察盐酸埃他卡林对大鼠尾动脉平滑肌细胞钾电流的影响。结果: Ipt 在10^-7 ~ 10^-3 mol·L^-1 范围内对KCl 预致收缩的大鼠尾动脉血管条产生剂量依赖性舒张反应, 且具有部分内皮依赖性, 但对主动脉离体血管环无明显的舒张反应, 该作用在高血压状态时显著增强, 能被ATP 敏感性钾通道特异性阻断剂格列苯脲阻断, 并且对大鼠尾动脉平滑肌细胞的钾电流具有显著增强作用。结论: 盐酸埃他卡林具有选择性舒张小动脉作用, 具有ATP 敏感性钾通道开放剂的主要药理学特征。     

面向主动脉缩窄辅助诊断的神经网络模型设计

为了辅助临床医生更快、更准确地进行主动脉缩窄的术前评估,结合心脏计算机断层扫描图像的三维空间特征,提出一种基于三维卷积神经网络的主动脉缩窄辅助诊断模型。相比于传统主动脉缩窄辅助诊断方法,使用这种新模型可在提高诊断结果可靠性的同时,直接面向图像操作,无需进行繁杂的数据预处理,诊断准确率、查准率和查全率均有显著提高。     

Impact of aortic repair based on flow field computer simulation within the thoracic aorta

Purpose of this computational study is to examine the hemodynamic parameters of velocity fields and shear stress in the thoracic aorta with and without aneurysm, based on an individual patient case and virtual surgical intervention. These two cases, case I (with aneurysm) and II (without aneurysm), are analyzed by computational fluid dynamics. The 3D Navier-Stokes equations and the continuity equation are solved with an unsteady stabilized finite element method. The vascular geometries are reconstructed based on computed tomography angiography images to generate a patient-specific 3D finite element mesh. The input data for the flow waveforms are derived from MR phase contrast flow measurements of a patient before surgical intervention.The computed results show velocity profiles skewed towards the inner aortic wall for both cases in the ascending aorta and in the aortic arch, while in the descending aorta these velocity profiles are skewed towards the outer aortic wall. Computed streamlines indicate that flow separation occurs at the proximal edge of the aneurysm, i.e. computed flow enters the aneurysm in the distal region, and that there is essentially a single, slowly rotating, vortex within the aneurysm during most of the systole.In summary, after virtual surgical intervention in case II higher shear stress distribution along the descending aorta could be found, which may produce more healthy reactions in the endothelium and benefit of vascular reconstruction of an aortic aneurysm at this particular location.     

INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF FULLERENE C60 DERIVATIVES ON ENDOTHELIUM-DERIVED RELAXATION IN RABBIT THORACIC AORTA

Inhibitory effects of newly synthesized fullerene C₆₀ derivatives 1 (C₆₀-bis(N,N-dimethylpyrrolidinium iodide)), 2 (C₆₀-proline-N-acetic acid) and 3 (C₆₀-ethylenediamine-N, N′-diacetic acid) on acetylcholine-induced relaxation in endothelium-intact rabbit thoracic aorta precontracted by phenylephrine (10^?6 M) were studied. Fullerene C₆₀ derivative 1 (3 × 10^?6 M), 2 (10^?5 M) and 3 (10^?5 M) reduced the maximum amplitude of the acetylcholine-induced relaxation without significantly changing the pD₂ values obtained from the concentration - response curves. In the presence of fullerene C₆₀ derivative 1 (10^?5 M) the acetylcholine-induced relaxation was eliminated and an acetylcholine-induced contraction was observed. These results suggest that fullerene C₆₀ derivative 1 strongly inhibits endothelium (nitric oxide)-dependent acetylcholine-induced relaxation in thoracic aorta of rabbit.     

含主动脉锥缩的体循环混合参数模型

本文提出了一种新的、含主动脉锥缩的体循环系统简单模型,此模型既保留了对血流分布惯性和动脉分布顺应性的模拟,又给出了解析形式的模型解,在此基础上进行了计算机模拟并对锥缩程度对主动脉血流动力学特性的影响问题进行了模拟研究。     

Cell removal with supercritical carbon dioxide for acellular artificial tissue

BACKGROUND: The objective of this work was to decellularize artificial tissue without using surfactant solutions. For this purpose, supercritical carbon dioxide was used as the extraction medium. RESULTS: Supercritical carbon dioxide containing a small amount of entrainer was a suitable medium to extract both cell nuclei and cell membranes from artificial tissue. Under gentle extraction conditions (15 MPa, 37 °C), cell nuclei were satisfactorily extracted from tissue within 1 h. In contrast, the efficiency of phospholipid removal depended strongly on the transfer rate of carbon dioxide in the interior of the tissue. Mechanical strength of tissue was not decreased even with prolonged treatment. CONCLUSION: Acellular artificial tissues could be prepared quickly by treatment with a carbon dioxide/entrainer system. The prepared acellular tissue could be obtained in absolutely dry condition. This is advantageous from the viewpoint of long‐term preservation without putrefaction and contamination. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

308nm激光诱导动物血管荧光光谱的观测

利用XeCl准分子激光辐照兔、狗动物主动脉及多种器官,观测到近紫外至可见波段连续发射的荧光光谱,荧光在380nm及450nm处有二个极值,测得正常主动脉及主动脉斑块二极值强度之比分别为I_(380)/I_(450)=1.05±0.07及1.32±0.10。