条斑紫菜酶解多肽的保健功能作用

通过体外观察条斑紫菜酶解多肽(Peptides from Porphyrayezoensis,PPY)在大鼠主动脉环上拮抗去氧肾上腺素(PE)、KCl和血管紧张素I(AngI)的收缩血管作用,研究PPY的血管舒张作用及机制。结果表明:PPY可显著舒张PE、KCl和Ang I收缩的内皮完整的血管环及张PE预收缩的内皮去除的血管环,且一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-NAME不能抑制PPY的舒血管作用。因此,PPY的舒血管作用可能是非内皮依赖性的,可能既有抑制血管平滑肌细胞受体操纵性钙通道又有抑制电压依赖性钙通道的作用。     

生物软组织切割过程建模

自行设计和制造了一台可对切割力和刀具位移进行实时测量的生物软组织切割装置,并对猪主动脉壁组织开展了切割实验,对其切割特性进行了分析。切割力在组织未被切破之前随刀具位移非线性增大,呈典型的J形曲线关系;当切割力增大到一定程度时,组织被切破,切割力迅速减小;随后切割过程相对比较平稳,切割力在较小的范围内波动,呈现增大-减小的波浪形式。整个切割过程可被分为三个阶段：变形阶段、破裂阶段和切割阶段。根据能量平衡对切割过程中各个阶段能量之间的转换关系进行分析,并建立了各个切割阶段的切割力模型。在变形阶段,切割力表现为典型的非线性J形曲线关系,一个指数函数被用于拟合变形阶段的切割力;在切割阶段,根据能量平衡方程建立了切割力模型;而对于破裂阶段,由于时间非常短,切割力由破裂时的切割力直线减小。比较发现,模型所得切割力能够很好地与实验所得切割力吻合,证明切割力模型是正确的。     

金丝桃苷通过调节自噬水平减轻心肌梗死小鼠心脏及胸主动脉的损伤

目的：探讨金丝桃苷（hyperoside, Hyp）对心肌梗死小鼠心脏和胸主动脉的保护作用及可能的机制。方法：通过永久结扎小鼠冠状动脉左前降支构造心梗模型,然后将小鼠分为假手术组（生理盐水,0.1 mg/10 g）、模型组（生理盐水,0.1 mg/10 g）、金丝桃苷低、中、高浓度组（金丝桃苷,9、18、36 mg/kg）、福辛普利组（福辛普利,15 mg/kg）、金丝桃苷高剂量+3-MA组（金丝桃苷,36 mk/kg;3-MA,30 mg/kg）。药物治疗两周后检测小鼠心重指数、心电图、心功能变化、血清氧化应激水平,另外还检测小鼠胸主动脉重塑以及血管内皮功能变化。结果：心肌梗死模型组小鼠与假手术组小鼠相比,心重指数增加（P<0.01）、心电图QRS波宽度上升、高度降低（P<0.01）、心腔变大（P<0.01）、血清氧化应激水平升高（P<0.01）、胸主动脉重塑、内皮功能紊乱（P<0.01）。给予不同剂量的金丝桃苷以及福辛普利治疗两周后,小鼠心电图异常有所恢复,血清氧化应激水平降低,胸主动脉重塑及内皮功能紊乱得到一定程度的改善（P<0.05或P<0.01）。而金丝桃苷联合自噬抑制剂3-MA治疗后能够逆转金丝桃苷对心脏和血管的保护作用（P<0.05或P<0.01）。 结论：金丝桃苷对心肌梗死小鼠的心脏损伤和胸主动脉重塑以及内皮功能紊乱具有一定的保护作用,3-MA能够逆转金丝桃苷对心梗小鼠心血管的保护作用。提示金丝桃苷对心梗小鼠的心血管保护作用机制可能与金丝桃苷提高了心肌梗死后小鼠心脏自噬水平并抑制氧化应激损伤有关。     

新型抗高血压药物盐酸埃他卡林对小动脉的选择性扩张作用及其药理学机制

目的: 研究新型抗高血压药物盐酸埃他卡林(Ipt) 对小动脉的作用特性及其药理学机制。方法: 采用大鼠尾动脉螺旋状血管条和主动脉离体血管环两种组织, 对比观察盐酸埃他卡林对大、小动脉扩张作用的药理学特性, 并且利用膜片钳技术观察盐酸埃他卡林对大鼠尾动脉平滑肌细胞钾电流的影响。结果: Ipt 在10^-7 ~ 10^-3 mol·L^-1 范围内对KCl 预致收缩的大鼠尾动脉血管条产生剂量依赖性舒张反应, 且具有部分内皮依赖性, 但对主动脉离体血管环无明显的舒张反应, 该作用在高血压状态时显著增强, 能被ATP 敏感性钾通道特异性阻断剂格列苯脲阻断, 并且对大鼠尾动脉平滑肌细胞的钾电流具有显著增强作用。结论: 盐酸埃他卡林具有选择性舒张小动脉作用, 具有ATP 敏感性钾通道开放剂的主要药理学特征。     

不同取血方法和动静脉血对Wistar大鼠生化指标的影响

目的观察断头取血与腹主动脉取血及腹主动脉血与腹主静脉血对Wistar大鼠生化指标的影响,为毒理学试验中的取血方法和取血部位的选择提供依据和参考。方法选择Wistar大鼠80只(雌/雄各40只),按体质量随机分为断头取血组和腹主动/静脉取血组,用全自动生化分析仪测定血清TP、ALB、A/G、ALT、AST、BUN、CRE、CHO、TG、GLU等指标。结果两种取血方法在两种性别大鼠中,上述测定指标均存在不同程度的差异:两种性别大鼠断头取血组A/G、CRE、TP、ALB、ALT、AST、CHO、TG都高于腹主动脉组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);GLU为断头组偏低,雌性大鼠断头取血组BUN高于腹主动脉组,两项指标均差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。动静脉取血产生的影响主要体现在TG、GLU等生化指标中,两种性别大鼠腹主动脉组TG含量较低,而GLU含量只有雄性大鼠腹主动脉组高于腹主静脉组,两项指标均差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论不同的取血方法及动静脉血对Wistar大鼠的生化指标会产生明显的影响。     

面向主动脉缩窄辅助诊断的神经网络模型设计

为了辅助临床医生更快、更准确地进行主动脉缩窄的术前评估,结合心脏计算机断层扫描图像的三维空间特征,提出一种基于三维卷积神经网络的主动脉缩窄辅助诊断模型。相比于传统主动脉缩窄辅助诊断方法,使用这种新模型可在提高诊断结果可靠性的同时,直接面向图像操作,无需进行繁杂的数据预处理,诊断准确率、查准率和查全率均有显著提高。     

Impact of aortic repair based on flow field computer simulation within the thoracic aorta

Purpose of this computational study is to examine the hemodynamic parameters of velocity fields and shear stress in the thoracic aorta with and without aneurysm, based on an individual patient case and virtual surgical intervention. These two cases, case I (with aneurysm) and II (without aneurysm), are analyzed by computational fluid dynamics. The 3D Navier-Stokes equations and the continuity equation are solved with an unsteady stabilized finite element method. The vascular geometries are reconstructed based on computed tomography angiography images to generate a patient-specific 3D finite element mesh. The input data for the flow waveforms are derived from MR phase contrast flow measurements of a patient before surgical intervention.The computed results show velocity profiles skewed towards the inner aortic wall for both cases in the ascending aorta and in the aortic arch, while in the descending aorta these velocity profiles are skewed towards the outer aortic wall. Computed streamlines indicate that flow separation occurs at the proximal edge of the aneurysm, i.e. computed flow enters the aneurysm in the distal region, and that there is essentially a single, slowly rotating, vortex within the aneurysm during most of the systole.In summary, after virtual surgical intervention in case II higher shear stress distribution along the descending aorta could be found, which may produce more healthy reactions in the endothelium and benefit of vascular reconstruction of an aortic aneurysm at this particular location.     

红花提取物预防腹主动脉缩窄大鼠左室肥厚的实验研究

目的: 研究红花提取物对腹主动脉缩窄术后大鼠左室心肌肥厚的作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法: 取52只Wistar大鼠,行腹主动脉部分缩窄术制作左室心肌肥厚模型,其中12只大鼠行假手术。术后1周将手术组随机分为模型对照组、卡托普利组(100mg·kg^-1)、红花组(40mg·kg^-1),连续灌胃6周后,麻醉大鼠称量大鼠体重、左室心肌重量,计算左心室重量指数(LVMI);观察组织细胞结构改变;应用ELISA法测量血清MMP-2、MMP-9表达。结果: 腹主动脉缩窄术后大鼠LVMI增加,MMP-2、MMP-9的表达增多,红花组、卡托普利组能显著降低LVMI,并且抑制MMP-2、MMP-9的表达。结论: 红花提取物能有效预防因腹主动脉缩窄所致的左心室壁肥厚和LVMI增加,抑制MMP-2、MMP-9的表达,说明红花抑制左室肥厚的形成可能与之有关。     

Blood flow and coherent vortices in the normal and aneurysmatic aortas: a fluid dynamical approach to intra-luminal thrombus formation

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are frequently characterized by the development of an intra-luminal thrombus (ILT), which is known to have multiple biochemical and biomechanical implications. Development of the ILT is not well understood, and shear–stress-triggered activation of platelets could be the first step in its evolution. Vortical structures (VSs) in the flow affect platelet dynamics, which motivated the present study of a possible correlation between VS and ILT formation in AAAs. VSs educed by the λ₂-method using computational fluid dynamics simulations of the backward-facing step problem, normal aorta, fusiform AAA and saccular AAA were investigated. Patient-specific luminal geometries were reconstructed from computed tomography scans, and Newtonian and Carreau–Yasuda models were used to capture salient rheological features of blood flow. Particularly in complex flow domains, results depended on the constitutive model. VSs developed all along the normal aorta, showing that a clear correlation between VSs and high wall shear stress (WSS) existed, and that VSs started to break up during late systole. In contrast, in the fusiform AAA, large VSs developed at sites of tortuous geometry and high WSS, occupying the entire lumen, and lasting over the entire cardiac cycle. Downward motion of VSs in the AAA was in the range of a few centimetres per cardiac cycle, and with a VS burst at that location, the release (from VSs) of shear-stress-activated platelets and their deposition to the wall was within the lower part of the diseased artery, i.e. where the thickest ILT layer is typically observed. In the saccular AAA, only one VS was found near the healthy portion of the aorta, while in the aneurysmatic bulge, no VSs occurred. We present a fluid-dynamics-motivated mechanism for platelet activation, convection and deposition in AAAs that has the potential of improving our current understanding of the pathophysiology of fluid-driven ILT growth.     

人参皂苷Rg1治疗性给药的抗心肌肥厚作用

目的 观察人参皂苷Rg1 治疗性给药对缩窄腹主动脉所致大鼠左心室肥厚的影响。 方法 SD 大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、Rg1 (3.75,15 mg/kg) 组以及左旋精氨酸(L-arg) 200 mg kg组。后4 组用腹主动脉缩窄术(AAC) 造模, 手术3周后腹腔注射给药共4 周。给药末监测大鼠血流动力学, 称心脏质量以计算左室肥厚指标(即左室肥厚指数, LVHI =左室重 体重) 和左室重 右室重(LVW/VW), 用实时荧光定量PCR (Real-Time PCR) 法检测心房利钠因子(ANF) 和钙调神经磷酸酶(CaN) mRNA 的表达。 结果 与假手术组比较,模型组的血压、左室内收缩压、左室舒张期末压、LVHI 和LVW/RVW 均显著升高, ±dp/d tmax 降低,ANF 和CaN mRNA 表达明显上调。Rg1 和L-arg给药不影响血压及左室内收缩压, 但显著降低左心室舒张期末压(LVEDP) 而增加±dp/dtmax, 并使LVHI 和LVW/RVW 减低, ANF 和CaN mRNA 表达下调。 结论 Rg1 具有抗压力超负荷所致左心室肥厚作用, 并可能与其抑制CaN 信息通路有关。