Patterns of Fos-like immunoreactivity in the brains of parent ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) given tactile and nontactile exposure to their young.

Neuronal activation was examined by fos immunohistochemistry in ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) reunited with their young after overnight separation. In an initial study, squab-exposed parents showed more fos immunoreactivity (ir) in the preoptic area (POA) and lateral hypothalamus (LH) than squab-deprived parents. In a 2nd study, parents allowed free access to young and those separated from young by a wire mesh partition showed more fos-ir in the POA, LH, and lateral septum than box-exposed controls. Contact with young also increased fos-ir in the medial preoptic nucleus and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, but noncontact exposure did not. Conversely, nontactile squab exposure stimulated more fos-ir in the POA than did free access to young, which suggests POA involvement in appetitive aspects of parenting. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

浅谈中国工笔花鸟画在陶瓷新彩上的表现

论述中国工笔花鸟画的表现手法在陶瓷新彩装饰的结合运用,不同技法的结合追求具有独特的审美效果。     

高压送电线路飞鸟光电探测方法

高压送电线路的鸟害事故已成为送电线路安全运行的一大隐患,为此提出一种用于高压送电线路驱鸟器的飞鸟光电探测方法.采用光电二极管阵列对飞鸟目标进行探测,应用相关技术对信号进行处理,理论分析和实验结果表明,所介绍的飞鸟光电探测方法可探测横向飞行角度(与探测平面夹角)≤60°、距离15 m内的飞鸟目标,同时对背景光线变化不敏感,抗干扰能力较强.     

鸟类目标雷达散射特性研究

鸟类目标雷达散射特性研究逐渐受到重视。首先对鸟类目标的雷达散射特性进行了理论分析,利用实验室数据构造的理论统计模型,估算单只鸟的雷达散射截面（RCS ）量级,然后详细介绍了在实验室对鸟类雷达散射截面进行测量的方法和测试结果。     

EFFECTS OF FLOW DYNAMICS ON THE AQUATIC‐TERRESTRIAL TRANSITION ZONE (ATTZ) OF LOWER MISSOURI RIVER SANDBARS WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR SELECTED BIOTA

Sandbars are an important aquatic terrestrial transition zone (ATTZ) in the active channel of rivers that provide a variety of habitat conditions for riverine biota. Channelization and flow regulation in many large rivers have diminished sandbar habitats and their rehabilitation is a priority. We developed sandbar‐specific models of discharge‐area relationships to determine how changes in flow regime affect the area of different habitat types within the submerged sandbar ATTZ (depth) and exposed sandbar ATTZ (elevation) for a representative sample of Lower Missouri River sandbars. We defined six different structural habitat types within the sandbar ATTZ based on depth or exposed elevation ranges that are important to different biota during at least part of their annual cycle for either survival or reproduction. Scenarios included the modelled natural flow regime, current managed flow regime and two environmental flow options, all modelled within the contemporary river active channel. Thirteen point and wing‐dike sandbars were evaluated under four different flow scenarios to explore the effects of flow regime on seasonal habitat availability for foraging of migratory shorebirds and wading birds, nesting of softshell turtles and nursery of riverine fishes. Managed flows provided more foraging habitat for shorebirds and wading birds and more nursery habitat for riverine fishes within the channelized reach sandbar ATTZ than the natural flow regime or modelled environmental flows. Reduced summer flows occurring under natural and environmental flow alternatives increased exposed sandbar nesting habitat for softshell turtle hatchling emergence. Results reveal how management of channelized and flow regulated large rivers could benefit from a modelling framework that couples hydrologic and geomorphic characteristics to predict habitat conditions for a variety of biota. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparative evolutionary psychology of sperm competition.

A comparative evolutionary psychological perspective predicts that species that recurrently faced similar adaptive problems may have evolved similar psychological mechanisms to solve these problems. Sperm competition provides an arena in which to assess the heuristic value of such a comparative evolutionary perspective. The sperm competition that results from female infidelity and polyandry presents a similar class of adaptive problems for individuals across many species. The authors first describe mechanisms of sperm competition in insects and in birds. They suggest that the adaptive problems and evolved solutions in these species provide insight into human anatomy, physiology, psychology, and behavior. The authors then review recent theoretical and empirical arguments for the existence of sperm competition in humans and discuss proposed adaptations in humans that have analogs in insects or birds. The authors conclude by highlighting the heuristic value of a comparative evolutionary psychological approach in this field. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

220 kV输电线路鸟害跳闸原因分析及整改措施

提出了单回路水平排列线路三相不平衡电容引起的中相电位升高及中相的邻近效应是鸟害事故多发生于中相的主要因素,通过对绝缘子串在运行环境中每片绝缘子闪络概率的分析,发现靠近导线的第一、二片绝缘子,由于承受的电压高,吸附的盐密大,在湿雾天气下发生导线侧绝缘子闪络,是鸟害事故及其它不明跳闸事故的主要原因。提出了在靠近导线侧绝缘子加装均压装置或更换污闪电压高的长棒型绝缘子等防护措施。     

ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY: A UK CASE STUDY FOR LANDFILLS

The paper presents an ecological risk-assessment methodology which (a) addresses surface-water exposures to aquatic mammals and birds, and (b) accounts for long-term accumulation and biomagnification of pollutants. The methodology has been adapted from those developed in the USA for compliance with US Environmental Protection Agency requirements, and combines predicted or measured surface-water concentration data with information on the natural history of wildlife species and chemical-specific bioaccumulation factors, to determine whether estimated exposures would exceed toxicological criteria. Whilst the methodology is applied to metals in leachate discharges from landfill sites, the general approach is applicable to other industrial sites. The approach could provide the basis for a shift towards more numerical risk-based ecological assessments in a wide variety of contexts.     

输电线路鸟害分析及其防治对策

通过鸟类的习性及其分布规律的分析研究,阐述了输电线路鸟害事故的特点及其原因,并结合工作实际提出了一些有针对性的防治对策,对解决输电线路的鸟害问题起了积极的作用,并期望对相关部门提供参考。