Magnetic properties of nickel filament polymer-matrix composites

The magnetic properties of polyethersulfone-matrix composites with 3-19 vol.% polycrystalline nickel filaments (0.4 (im diam) were investigated. These filaments were found to exhibit hysteresis energy loss 10800 J/m³ of nickel and coercive force 16.9 kA/m, compared to corresponding values of 4930 J/m³ and 4.7 kA/m for 2 μ.m diam polycrystalline nickel fibers, 1020 J/m³ and 0.5 kA/m for 20 μm diam polycrystalline nickel fibers, and 1280 J/m³ and 2.3 kA/m for solid polycrystalline nickel.     

Myopathy-Sensitive G-Actin Segment 227-235 Is Involved in Salt-Induced Stabilization of Contacts within the Actin Filament

Formation of stable actin filaments, critically important for actin functions, is determined by the ionic strength of the solution. However, not much is known about the elements of the actin fold involved in ionic-strength-dependent filament stabilization. In this work, F-actin was destabilized by Cu²⁺ binding to Cys374, and the effects of solvent conditions on the dynamic properties of F-actin were correlated with the involvement of Segment 227-235 in filament stabilization. The results of our work show that the presence of Mg²⁺ at the high-affinity cation binding site of Cu-modified actin polymerized with MgCl₂ strongly enhances the rate of filament subunit exchange and promotes the filament instability. In the presence of 0.1 M KCl, the filament subunit exchange was 2–3-fold lower than that in the MgCl₂-polymerized F-actin. This effect correlates with the reduced accessibility of the D-loop and Segment 227-235 on opposite filament strands, consistent with an ionic-strength-dependent conformational change that modulates involvement of Segment 227-235 in stabilization of the intermonomer interface. KCl may restrict the mobility of the α-helix encompassing part of Segment 227-235 and/or be bound to Asp236 at the boundary of Segment 227-235. These results provide experimental evidence for the involvement of Segment 227-235 in salt-induced stabilization of contacts within the actin filament and suggest that they can be weakened by mutations characteristic of actin-associated myopathies.     

密螺旋体Reiter株轴丝的提纯及鉴定

将Reiter株菌体超声破碎,上清液经离子交换柱层析及凝胶过滤,得到纯化轴丝。该轴丝经SDS—PAGE检测分析,所得结果与丹麦参考品一致,分子量在3～4万之间,与文献报道相同。经电镜观察,产物均匀,未被杂质污染。按上述方法提取,3克湿重菌体最终可得2毫克左右轴丝蛋白。     

Preparation of highly crystalline nanofibers on Fe and Fe-Ni catalysts with a variety of graphene plane alignments

The present study confirmed that highly crystalline nanofibers with controlled structure may be prepared over Fe and Fe-Ni alloy catalysts. The degree of graphitization of various carbon nanofibers (CNFs) was analyzed by using C(0 0 2) peaks from the XRD profiles. The C(0 0 2) peaks of CNFs over Fe catalyst shifted to higher angle and became narrower as the preparation temperature increased from 560 to 620 °C. Tubular CNFs prepared at temperature higher than 630 °C showed lower 2θ angles compared to those of platelet fibers. CNFs prepared over Fe-Ni catalysts tended to resemble those prepared over Fe catalysts. The degree of graphitization of platelet CNFs resembled natural graphite, while d_0 0 2 of the tubular CNFs showed values below the 3.39 Å reported as a theoretical minimum for a cylindrical alignment. Lc_0 0 2 of platelet and tubular CNFs increased by heat treatment at 2000 and 2800 °C though d_0 0 2 changed little. A transverse section of platelet and tubular CNFs had a hexagonal shape, not a round shape. The hexagonal column allows AB stacking of hexagonal planes that can give perfect hexagonal alignment.     

最佳鳃片倾斜角下分离鳃内部流场的数值模拟

采用均匀试验设计理论对鳃片倾斜角α与β进行数值模拟方案的设计,通过采用Fluent软件中的欧拉模型,以鳃片3上表面的泥沙速度作为考核指标,对不同鳃片倾斜角下的分离鳃速度流场进行模拟。运用投影寻踪回归分析法(PPR)对数值计算结果进行了分析,得出鳃片β倾斜角对分离鳃水沙分离效果影响是最大的,其次是鳃片α倾斜角的影响;当鳃片倾斜角的组合为α=60°与β=45°时,分离鳃中的速度流场有利于水沙的快速分离且水沙分离效果最佳。     

Surface ultrastructure of the gill filaments and the secondary lamellae of the catfish, Rita rita, and the carp, Cirrhinus mrigala

Surface ultrastructures of gill filaments and secondary lamellae of Rita rita and Cirrhinus mrigala, inhabiting different ecological habitat, were investigated to unravel adaptive modifications. R. rita is a sluggish, bottom dwelling carnivorous catfish, which inhabits regions of river with accumulations of dirty water. It retains its viability for long time if taken out of water. C. mrigala is an active bottom dwelling Indian major carp, which lives in relatively clean water and dies shortly after taken out of water. In R. rita, gill septa between gill filaments are reduced. Microridges on epithelial cells covering gill filaments are often continuous and arranged concentrically. Secondary lamellae are extensive. The epithelium appears corrugated, show irregular elevations and shallow depressions, and microridges on epithelial cells appear fragmented. In C. mrigala, in contrast, the gill septa are extensive. Microridges on epithelial cells covering gill filaments are fragmented. Secondary lamellae are less extensive. The epithelium appears smooth and microridges on epithelial cells are relatively inconspicuous. These differences have been considered adaptive modification in relation to habit and ecological niches inhabited by two fish species. Presence of mucous goblet cells on gill filaments is discussed in relation to their functions including precipitation of the sediments and preventing clogging of gill filaments. Infrequent mucous goblet cells in the epithelium of secondary lamellae in two fish species are considered an adaptation, minimizing thickness of the epithelium to reduce barrier between blood and water for favoring gasses exchange with increased efficiency.     

数值仿真HPM大气击穿中等离子体丝状阵列的形成

文章结合Maxwell方程,修正的自洽电子流体方程,采用时域有限差分法（FDTD）对高功率微波（HPM）大气击穿进行了仿真,分析了等离子体丝状形成过程、原因,结果表明：气体击穿后,形成沿着波的传播方向规律的排列着的等离子体丝状,离散的丝状向源的方向发展,相邻等离子体丝状之间的距离略小于1/4波长,等离子体丝状向源方向发展是电离和扩散共同的结果.     

European sea bass gill pathology after exposure to cadmium and terbuthylazine: expert versus fractal analysis

The objective of this study was to compare expert versus fractal analysis as new methods to evaluate branchial lamellar pathology in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) experimentally exposed to cadmium and to terbuthylazine. In particular, guided expert quantitative and fractal analysis were performed on selected images from semithin sections to test possible differences according to exposure class (unexposed, cadmium exposed, or terbuthylazine exposed) and the discrimination power of the two methods. With respect to guided expert quantitative analysis, the following elementary pathological features were assessed according to pre‐determined cover classes: ‘epithelial lifting’, ‘epithelial shrinkage’, ‘epithelial swelling’, ‘pillar cells coarctation’, ‘pillar cells detachment’, ‘channels fusion’, ‘chloride cells swelling’ and ‘chloride cells invasion’. Considering fractal analysis, D_B (box dimension), D_M (mass dimension), (mean fractal dimension) as fractal dimensions and lacunarity from D_M and scan types were calculated both from the outlined and skeletonized (one pixel wide lines) images. Despite significant differences among experimental classes, only expert analysis provided good discrimination with correct classification of 91.7 % of the original cases, and of 87.5 % of the cross‐validated cases, with a sensitivity of 95.45 % and 91.3 %, respectively, and a specificity of 75 % in both cases. Guided expert quantitative analysis appears to be a reliable method to objectively characterize fish gill pathology and may represent a powerful tool in environmental biomonitoring to ensure proper standardization and reproducibility. Though fractal analysis did not equal the discrimination power of the expert method, it certainly warrants further study to evaluate local variations in complexity or possible multiple scaling rules.     

SMC-420型针梳机梳理牵伸的控制研究

文中阐述了SMC-420型针梳机梳理区的组成和工作结构,总结出梳理牵伸的操作控制方法,提高了毛条条干的控制水平。通过系统调整和不断优化,可改善腈纶毛条条干质量,降低腈纶毛条的毛粒、毛片的产生机率。