Suboptimal Exposure to Facial Expressions When Viewing Video Messages From a Small Screen: Effects on Emotion, Attention, and Memory.

The authors examined the effects of suboptimally presented facial expressions on emotional and attentional responses and memory among 39 young adults viewing video (business news) messages from a small screen. Facial electromyography (EMG) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia were used as physiological measures of emotion and attention, respectively. Several congruency priming effects were found. In particular, happy facial primes prompted increased (a) pleasure ratings, (b) orbicularis oculi EMG activity, (c) perceived trustworthiness, and (d) recognition memory for video messages with a positive emotional tone. Emotional and other responses to video messages presented on a small screen can be modified with suboptimal affective primes, but even small differences in the emotional tone of the messages should be allowed for. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

窦管交界和窦部直径对主动脉瓣关闭功能影响

为了探讨窦管交界和窦部直径对主动脉瓣关闭功能的影响,首先按照Labrosse提供的临床手术指导尺寸,建立基本的主动脉根部几何模型;改变窦管交界直径(分别为基本模型的1.2倍和0.8倍)、窦部直径(分别为基本模型的1.2倍和0.8倍)以及窦管交界直径和窦部直径(均为基本模型的1.2倍),共建立6组几何模型.窦部和瓣叶均施加0~10.665 kPa线性变化的压力负载,用计算机数值模拟的方法定量研究主动脉根部从接近关闭到完全关闭过程中,模型受到的最大应力数值和位置、瓣环直径变化以及对合区域面积比.计算结果表明:6组模型的主动脉根部最大应力值均出现在瓣叶和窦部接合位置,且最大应力值的范围是567~601 kPa,与Marom、Labrosse和Katayama的计算结果接近;窦管交界直径增大为基本模型的1.2倍时,瓣环直径扩大8.3%;6组模型的对合区域面积比计算结果相对变化不超过5%.结果表明:窦管交界变化比窦部直径变化对瓣环直径的影响大,而同样的主动脉根部结构,增大瓣环直径会减少瓣叶的有效对合,从而影响主动脉瓣关闭功能.     

Symmetrical craniofacial hypertrophy in patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism and high‐dose cinacalcet exposure

We are reporting on a series of two patients with end‐stage renal disease on hemodialysis, presented for surgical parathyroidectomy secondary refractory hyperparathyroidism. Both patients had failed maximized medical managements, including higher‐than‐usual doses of the calcimimetic cinacalcet (270 and 180 mg/day, respectively). On physical exam, both patients had marked symmetrical craniofacial hypertrophy with coarse distortion of facial features, similar in appearance to past reports of Sagliker syndrome. On X‐ray and computed tomographic exam, they had peculiar areas of bone absorption on the skull, imitating the radiologic appearance of multiple myeloma. Bone biopsy of the maxilla, however, did not show the expected brown tumor, but rather described only fibrosis and reactive bone formations. This phenotype developed while being on cinacalcet, progressed despite escalation of therapy, and improved only after parathyroidectomy. Both patients developed massive “hungry bone syndrome” after parathyroidectomy necessitating prolonged IV calcium infusion. This pattern of severe facial distortion likely represented an adverse consequence of severe tertiary hyperparathyroidism, along with supraphysiologic dose of cinacalcet administration and 25‐hydroxy vitamin D deficiency in sensitive individuals. The genetic base of this observation remained unexplained.     

新一代多模型迭代算法在70 kVp成人副鼻窦CT扫描中的应用

探讨成人在70 kVp副鼻窦CT检查中降低有效辐射剂量的同时,获取最佳图像质量的新一代多模型迭代算法(Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction-V,Asir-V)的权重。本研究对20例成人患者进行副鼻窦Revolution CT检查,采用70 kVp、230 mA条件下进行螺旋CT扫描,扫描完成后对每例患者的原始数据采用不同权重(0,20%,40%,60%,80%,100%)的后置新一代多模型迭代算法(Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction-V,Asir-V)重建的方法,共获得120幅图像,并对每例6组图像进行客观评价及主观评分。客观评价包括噪声(standard deviations, SD)和对比噪声比(contrast noise ratio,CNR),主观评价由2名评价医生对图像质量评分并对两者的主观一致性进行评价。每例患者扫描完成后,记录其剂量长度乘积(dose-length product,DLP)和CT容积剂量指数(CT dose index volume,CTDI_vol),并计算其平均有效辐射剂量(effective dose,ED)。客观评价结果表明不同权重的Asir-V图像噪声随着Asir-V权重的提升而降低,CNR值随着Asir-V权重的提升而升高,且有效辐射剂量ED较常规头颈部CT检查的平均辐射剂量明显减少;主观评价结果表明不同权重的Asir-V图像评分不同,在Asir-V 60% 时评分最高,且2名医生主观评价一致性好。结合主客观评价结果,认为在70 kVp、230 mA成人副鼻窦Revolution CT检查中,Asir-V 60％的图像既可满足临床诊断的需要,也可明显降低有效辐射剂量。     

Can the distress-signal and arousal-reduction views of crying be reconciled? Evidence from the cardiovascular system.

Theorists have staked out two ostensibly opposing views of human crying as either an arousing behavior that signals distress or a soothing behavior that reduces arousal after distress. The present study examined whether these views of crying might be reconciled by attending to physiological changes that unfold over crying episodes. Sixty female students watched neutral and cry-eliciting films while autonomic physiology, including respiratory sinus arrhythmia and pre-ejection period, was assessed. Crying participants exhibited heart rate increases that rapidly subsided after crying onset. Crying onset was also associated with increases in respiratory sinus arrhythmia and slowed breathing. All crying effects subsided by 4 minutes after onset. It is possible that crying is both an arousing distress signal and a means to restore psychological and physiological balance, depending on how and when this complex behavior is interrogated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

鼻内镜下CO2激光辅助治疗上颌窦囊肿

目的总结鼻内镜下应用CO2激光辅助治疗上颌窦囊肿的疗效。方法对鼻内镜下CO2激光辅助治疗上颌窦囊肿31病例随访2年以上的病例进行回顾性分析。其中男20例,女11例。年龄25~70岁,平均42岁。鼻内镜下经上颌窦窦口应用sharplan30CCO2激光系统凝固、气化切除上颌窦囊肿囊壁,术后中鼻道填藻酸钙。结果31例手术效果良好,术后窦腔不填塞,无并发症,随访2~4年无复发。结论鼻内镜下CO2激光辅助治疗上颌窦囊肿视野清晰,出血少,复发率低,是一种安全、微创、有效的术式。     

Maternal depression and the heart of parenting: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and affective dynamics during parent–adolescent interactions.

Maternal depression is associated with problematic parenting and the development of emotional and behavior problems in children and adolescents. While emotional regulatory abilities are likely to influence emotional exchanges between parents and teens, surprisingly little is known about the role of emotion regulation during parent–child interactions, particularly in high-risk families. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) has been widely linked to emotion regulatory abilities in recent research, and the current study investigated RSA and maternal depression in relation to dyadic flexibility, as well as mutuality of negative and positive affect displayed during three discussion tasks between 59 mother–adolescent pairs (age 11–17 years). Dyadic flexibility was predicted by the interaction of maternal depression, maternal RSA, and teen RSA, with higher maternal RSA predicting greater dyadic flexibility, particularly in highest risk dyads (i.e., elevated maternal depression and lower teen RSA). Teen RSA interacted with maternal depression to predict mutual negative affect, serving as a protective factor. Finally, maternal and teen RSA interacted to predict mutual positive affect, with maternal RSA buffering against low teen RSA to predict higher mutual positive affect. Results support the role of RSA in affectively laden interactions between parents and adolescents, particularly in the face of maternal depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Expression mosaic of odorant-binding proteins in Drosophila olfactory organs.

Deciphering the genome of the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, has revealed 39 genes coding for putative odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), more than are known at present for any other insect species. Using specific antibodies, the expression mosaic of five such OBPs (OS-E, OS-F, LUSH, PBPRP2, PBPRP5) on the antenna and maxillary palp has been mapped in the electron microscope. It was found that (1) OBP expression does correlate with morphological sensillum types and subtypes, (2) several OBPs may be co-localized in the same sensillum, and (3) OBP localization is not restricted to olfactory sensilla. The expression of PBPRP2 in antennal epidermis sheds some light on the possible evolution of OBPs.     

鼻内窥镜手术常见并发症及预防

目的探讨鼻内窥镜手术常见并发症及预防措施。方法收集我科自2003年3月～2008年3月开展此类手术共865例并进行分析。结果本组手术并发症48例,发生率为5.5%。鼻腔粘连是本组最常见的并发症。结论围手术期处理及精细准确的手术操作是预防并发症发作的主要措施。     

Does Poor Vagal Tone Exacerbate Child Maladjustment in the Context of Parental Problem Drinking? A Longitudinal Examination.

Children's vagal tone was examined as a vulnerability factor in the longitudinal relation between mothers' (MPD) and fathers' (FPD) problem drinking and children's adjustment. At T1, MPD and FPD were examined, and children's vagal tone was assessed. Two years following initial participation, child adjustment problems were evaluated. A lower level of vagal tone was a vulnerability factor for internalizing problems associated with MPD and FPD and for externalizing difficulties associated with MPD. In the context of a higher level of MPD or FPD, a lower level of vagal tone was a vulnerability factor for increases in externalizing problems over time. Results are supportive of the importance of biopsychosocial perspectives in which child characteristics interact with family risk to predict psychopathology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)