金属材料FV520B冲蚀模型的建立与验证

为了用数学的方式描述金属材料的冲蚀率随靶材属性、颗粒属性、环境因素的变化规律,从颗粒冲击靶材的碰撞过程入手,通过求解颗粒运动方程和碰撞的能量方程,建立了基于微切削和变形磨损的塑性材料冲蚀模型。借助金属材料FV520B的正交冲蚀试验结果,利用回归分析法获得FV520B冲蚀率计算模型,并通过方差分析和单因素冲蚀试验对计算模型进行了验证。方差分析结果表明,该冲蚀率计算模型非常显著,由模型获得的冲蚀率计算值与单因素试验结果吻合程度较高,说明该模型在预测金属材料FV520B不同环境下的冲蚀磨损时具有较好的适应性和可靠性,研究结果对叶轮材料FV520B冲蚀磨损寿命的评估具有指导意义。     

单颗团聚CBN磨粒磨削TC4钛合金表面创成机制

目的 提出一种兼具耐磨性好、自锐性能优异的新型团聚CBN磨粒研制方法,解决单晶CBN磨粒因其力学特性各向异性而极易出现沿解理面大块破碎的问题,进而提升加工效率和磨削性能。方法 利用模压成形和高温液相烧结技术,制备了综合性能优异的新型团聚CBN磨粒,探究磨粒结合界面形成机制,并通过单颗磨粒磨削TC4钛合金试验,综合对比团聚CBN磨粒与单晶CBN磨粒的磨损状态和磨痕形貌,探明团聚CBN磨粒的磨削性能优势。结果 团聚CBN磨粒烧结界面新生成了TiB2、TiB和TiN;优选的烧结工艺参数为800 ℃,保温时间为10 min;相比于单晶CBN磨粒,团聚CBN磨粒的耐磨性和锋利度显著提升,磨削加工效率和质量明显改善。结论 由于团聚CBN磨粒内部微晶颗粒间金属结合剂的存在,提高了磨粒的断裂韧性,降低了因磨粒内部裂纹扩展而引起的宏观裂纹损伤深度,有效提升了磨粒的加工性能;磨削过程中随着磨粒的不断磨损,未出露的CBN晶粒逐渐参与磨削,确保了磨粒工作面有效磨粒数的动态平衡,有助于提升磨粒整体自锐能力。     

Erosive wear of selected metals in coal washing environments

A slurry erosive wear apparatus developed by the authors has been used to test the erosive wear behaviour of selected metals in coal washing environments. The erosive wear test machine was employed to determine the effects of (1) carbon content in carbon steels, (2) chromium content in alloy steels, and (3) corrosion of aqueous solutions on the erosive wear behaviour of metals. The test results revealed that the carbon content in annealed carbon steels slightly affects the erosive wear resistance of metals, while the increase in chromium content of alloy steels apparently improves the erosive wear resistance of metals and, when a corrosion inhibitor is added to slurries, the erosive wear rates of metals reduces significantly. Two types of micro-mechanism were deduced from the observation of eroded surfaces by SEM: (1) local exfoliation, and (2) micro-cutting. The corrosion inhibitor can alter the micro-mechanism from local exfoliation to micro-cutting. The analyses show that the erosive wear of selected metals in slurries results from the synergistic effects of wear by solid particles plus fluid corrosion.     

Mesoplasticity approach to studies of the cutting mechanism in ultra-precision machining

There have been various theoretical attempts by researchers worldwide to link up different scales of plasticity studies from the nano-, micro- and macro-scale of observation, based on molecular dynamics, crystal plasticity and continuum mechanics. Very few attempts, however, have been reported in ultra-precision machining studies. A mesoplasticity approach advocated by Lee and Yang is adopted by the authors and is successfully applied to studies of the micro-cutting mechanisms in ultra-precision machining. Traditionally, the shear angle in metal cutting, as well as the cutting force variation, can only be determined from cutting tests. In the pioneering work of the authors, the use of mesoplasticity theory enables prediction of the fluctuation of the shear angle and micro-cutting force, shear band formation, chip morphology in diamond turning and size effect in nano-indentation. These findings are verified by experiments. The mesoplasticity formulation opens up a new direction of studies to enable how the plastic behaviour of materials and their constitutive representations in deformation processing, such as machining can be predicted, assessed and deduced from the basic properties of the materials measurable at the microscale.     

微细干车削硬铝合金LY12的表面粗糙度研究

采用YG类细晶粒硬质合金刀具和PCD刀具对硬铝合金LY12进行了微细干切削试验,通过单因素切削试验研究了不同刀具材料、刀具前角、刀尖圆弧半径对表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明,在微细干切削条件（v=12．6m／min,aP=0．02mm,f=0．004-0．01mm／r）下,采用PCD刀具可获得Ra0．112～0．30μm的光洁表面;采用大前角、大刀尖圆弧半径的PCD刀具,可获得最好的加工表面粗糙度。     

水力压裂工况下42CrMo材料冲蚀磨损特性研究

利用自制的喷射型冲蚀磨损试验机,研究了水力压裂工况下高速携砂液对高压管汇材料42CrMo钢和45#钢的冲蚀磨损作用。研究结果表明,随着携砂液中砂粒质量浓度和粒径的增大,材料的冲蚀磨损量相应增多;材料的冲蚀磨损量随冲蚀速度的提高而显著增多,冲蚀速度与冲蚀磨损量呈一定指数关系,冲蚀粒子粒径和冲蚀速度对材料冲蚀磨损量的影响可概括为冲击粒子动能的影响;在粒子高速冲击时,42CrMo钢比45#钢具有更好的耐磨性,这是由材料本身的性能决定的。     

高精度微孔镗削加工工艺的优化研究

为解决使用微细切削技术加工微小型孔时存在的钻削孔表面质量差、孔轴线偏斜等问题,将镗削加工方法应用到微小型孔的加工中。通过选取合适的镗削工艺参数,定性地建立了镗刀尺寸、进给速度、转速与表面质量、尺寸精度之间的关系,优化了镗削加工的工艺参数,极大地改善了微小型孔的表面质量与加工精度。在具有较高强度的3J33马氏体时效钢上对钻削出的Ф2.7 mm小孔进行了镗削加工试验,测量并分析了镗削孔表面粗糙度与尺寸数据。实验结果表明,微细孔镗削加工比钻削加工更能够保证零件的尺寸精度、形状精度,并得到更好的表面质量。     

微切削加工中材料微观结构效应的有限元分析

为了研究材料微观组织结构对微切削加工中尺寸效应的影响,建立了一种基于材料微结构特征的正交切削有限元模型,工件采用非均质材料模型。仿真结果表明：当材料微观组织结构一定时,不同的加工尺度下产生不同的切屑形态;当切削厚度从上百微米下降到几个微米时,切屑由连续状向准静态挤压状转换,切削厚度越接近最小金相颗粒的尺寸,挤压状切屑越明显;在应力分布图上可看出,加工中最大的应力不仅出现在刀刃周围,还出现在异相颗粒之间的晶界处,说明多相材料在微尺度加工下微观结构效应显著。     

切屑形状的研究方法及研究现状

归纳了研究切屑形状的常用方法,分析了目前的研究情况,指出在超薄切削时必须充分考虑刀具刃口半径对切屑的影响,并应进一步考虑工件材料的流动应力随温度、应变、应变比率变化的影响;同时加强切屑的在线控制研究,以进一步提高工件加工表面质量。     

滚压印圆柱母光栅的微刻划制造

精密长光栅作为高档数控机床中的核心部件,其制造能力和精度直接决定高精密机床的制造水平．本文对纳米滚压印技术制造长光栅中的核心部件——圆柱母光栅的制造开展研究,建立了高精度的母光栅刻划制造平台,保证了母光栅制造的精度要求;分析了微尺度毛刺的形成机理和抑制方法,对母光栅材料选择及微尺度刻划工艺参数进行了优化,实现了直径110mm,周期分别为20μm、10μm和4μm整圈圆柱母光栅的高精度微刻划制造．母光栅刻划总条数为数万条,4μm周期母光栅连续刻划时间超过62h,最终实现母光栅的首尾拼接误差控制小于300mm．另外,针对滚压印加工中的填充问题,利用聚焦离子束（FIB）技术制备了V形、梯形等形状金刚石刀具,获得了良好的光栅压印结果．