Mitochondrial Bioenergetic,Photobiomodulation and Trigeminal Branches Nerve Damage,What’s the Connection? A Review

Background: Injury of the trigeminal nerve in oral and maxillofacial surgery can occur. Schwann cell mitochondria are regulators in the development, maintenance and regeneration of peripheral nerve axons. Evidence shows that after the nerve injury, mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction occurs and is associated with pain, neuropathy and nerve regeneration deficit. A challenge for research is to individuate new therapies able to normalise mitochondrial and energetic metabolism to aid nerve recovery after damage. Photobiomodulation therapy can be an interesting candidate, because it is a technique involving cell manipulation through the photonic energy of a non-ionising light source (visible and NIR light), which produces a nonthermal therapeutic effect on the stressed tissue. Methods: The review was based on the following questions: (1) Can photo-biomodulation by red and NIR light affect mitochondrial bioenergetics? (2) Can photobiomodulation support damage to the trigeminal nerve branches? (preclinical and clinical studies), and, if yes, (3) What is the best photobiomodulatory therapy for the recovery of the trigeminal nerve branches? The papers were searched using the PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases. This review followed the ARRIVE-2.0, PRISMA and Cochrane RoB-2 guidelines. Results and conclusions: The reliability of photobiomodulatory event strongly bases on biological and physical-chemical evidence. Its principal player is the mitochondrion, whether its cytochromes are directly involved as a photoacceptor or indirectly through a vibrational and energetic variation of bound water: water as the photoacceptor. The 808-nm and 100 J/cm² (0.07 W; 2.5 W/cm²; pulsed 50 Hz; 27 J per point; 80 s) on rats and 800-nm and 0.2 W/cm² (0.2 W; 12 J/cm²; 12 J per point; 60 s, CW) on humans resulted as trustworthy therapies, which could be supported by extensive studies.     

Regulation of sensory nerve conduction velocity of human bodies responding to annual temperature variations in natural environments

The extensive research interests in environmental temperature can be linked to human productivity / performance as well as comfort and health; while the mechanisms of physiological indices responding to temperature variations remain incompletely understood. This study adopted a physiological sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) as a temperature‐sensitive biomarker to explore the thermoregulatory mechanisms of human responding to annual temperatures. The measurements of subjects’ SCV (over 600 samples) were conducted in a naturally ventilated environment over all four seasons. The results showed a positive correlation between SCV and annual temperatures and a Boltzmann model was adopted to depict the S‐shaped trend of SCV with operative temperatures from 5°C to 40°C. The SCV increased linearly with operative temperatures from 14.28°C to 20.5°C and responded sensitively for 10.19°C‐24.59°C, while tended to be stable beyond that. The subjects’ thermal sensations were linearly related to SCV, elaborating the relation between human physiological regulations and subjective thermal perception variations. The findings reveal the body SCV regulatory characteristics in different operative temperature intervals, thereby giving a deeper insight into human autonomic thermoregulation and benefiting for built environment designs, meantime minimizing the temperature‐invoked risks to human health and well‐being.     

The relative effects of transection of the gustatory branches of the seventh and ninth cranial nerves on NaCl taste detection in rats.

Chorda tympani nerve (CT) transection in rats severely impairs NaCl taste detection. These rats can detect higher concentrations of NaCl, however, suggesting that remaining oral nerves maintain some salt sensibility. Rats were tested in a gustometer with a 2-response operant taste-detection task before and after sham surgery (n = 5), combined transection of the CT and the greater superficial petrosal nerves (GSP; 7x, n = 6), or transection of the glossopharyngeal nerve (GL; 9x, n = 4). Thresholds did not significantly change after sham surgery. Although the GL responds to NaCl and innervates nearly 60% of total taste buds, 9x surgery had no effect. However, 7x surgery increased NaCl detection threshold by ～2.5 log?? units, greater than that reported for CT transection alone. These results suggest that the GSP contributes to NaCl sensitivity in rats and also demonstrate that the GL and perhaps the superior laryngeal and lingual nerve proper can maintain some NaCl detectability at high concentrations. These findings confirm the primacy of the 7th nerve relative to the 9th nerve in sensibility of NaCl in the rat model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

筛前神经及下鼻甲激光切割术治疗过敏性鼻炎29例临床观察

本文介绍了用筛前神经和下鼻甲激光切割术治疗２９例过敏性鼻炎病人，有效率为９７％。随访６个月至２年，除２例于术后６个月复发外，余者均未复发。实践表明这一手术优于翼管神经手术，优点是：１、解剖标志清楚；２、手术操作简便且易于掌握；３、并发症少而不严重。本文对这一手术的方法，术后处置和疗效进行了讨论。     

前向人工神经网络模型用于时间序列分析

介绍前向人工神经网络模型，并与传统的统计学线性模型进行比较。为了适应时间序列变量的特点，对逆传播模型进行了改进，并对太阳黑子活动的观察值这一典型的时间序列进行了分析，并检验了模型的预测能力，取得了较好的结果     

人工神经网络技术在电工产品可靠性实验中的应用(理论部分)

本文简要介绍了人工神经网络，BP神经网络的结构、训练和学习规则以及人工神经网络非线性时间序列预测的应用概况。     

一种新颖的低层视觉特征到高层语义的映射方法*

通过在低层视觉特征上提取图像的局部颜色和纹理特征,再利用模糊神经网络建立低层视觉特征和高层语义特征之间的映射,实现了图像属性信息的有效传递和可靠检索.最后,为了提高检索效率,把相关反馈引进到图像检索系统中.实验证明,该方法取得了较好的检索查全率和准确率.     

A Degeneration Gradient of Poplar Trees Contributes to the Taxonomic,Functional, and Resistome Diversity of Bacterial Communities in Rhizosphere Soils

Bacterial communities associated with roots influence the health and nutrition of the host plant. However, the microbiome discrepancy are not well understood under different healthy conditions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that rhizosphere soil microbial diversity and function varies along a degeneration gradient of poplar, with a focus on plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) and antibiotic resistance genes. Comprehensive metagenomic analysis including taxonomic investigation, functional detection, and ARG (antibiotics resistance genes) annotation revealed that available potassium (AK) was correlated with microbial diversity and function. We proposed several microbes, Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas, Mesorhizobium, Nocardioides, Variovorax, Gemmatimonadetes, Rhizobacter, Pedosphaera, Candidatus Solibacter, Acidobacterium, and Phenylobacterium, as candidates to reflect the soil fertility and the plant health. The highest abundance of multidrug resistance genes and the four mainly microbial resistance mechanisms (antibiotic efflux, antibiotic target protection, antibiotic target alteration, and antibiotic target replacement) in healthy poplar rhizosphere, corroborated the relationship between soil fertility and microbial activity. This result suggested that healthy rhizosphere soil harbored microbes with a higher capacity and had more complex microbial interaction network to promote plant growing and reduce intracellular levels of antibiotics. Our findings suggested a correlation between the plant degeneration gradient and bacterial communities, and provided insight into the role of high-turnover microbial communities as well as potential PGPB as real-time indicators of forestry soil quality, and demonstrated the inner interaction contributed by the bacterial communities.     

采用听觉外周模型改进电子耳蜗CIS方案

提出了一种改进的CIS电子耳蜗的脉冲刺激方案。利用听觉外周模型产生一种符合听神经发放机制的刺激脉冲序列来刺激电极,代替传统的均匀交替刺激方案,不仅可以通过包络而且可以通过脉冲间隔来传递语音信息,确保了语音的空间编码和时间编码。听觉仿真实验表明,相对于其他两种方案,方案可以有效地传递更多更丰富的语音信息,在汉语声调识别实验中至少提高19.2%识别率,在可懂度的对比实验中具有最高可懂度。     

基于组合方向的对偶单纯形法

线性规划问题已经在各行各业得到了应用。求解线性规划问题也得到了很大发展。该文提出了求解线性规划问题的一种新的改进算法,利用组合方向来改进对偶单纯形方法。通过对对偶问题可行域结构的分析,找到一个组合的可行下降方向,沿此方向迭代,将绕过很多极点,若绕过产生退化的极点,会很大程度上避免退化带来的停顿现象,提高算法的效率。