Boron doping induced electronic reconfiguration of Fe-Nx sites in N-doped carbon matrix for efficient oxygen reduction reaction in both alkaline and acidic media

Developing non-precious metal-based catalysts as the substitution of precious catalysts (Pt/C) in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for energy devices. Herein, a template and organic solvent-free method was adopted to synthesize Fe, B, and N doped nanoflake-like carbon materials (Fe/B/N–C) by pyrolysis of monoclinic ZIF-8 coated with iron precursors and boric acid. Benefiting from introducing B into Fe–N–C, the regulated electron cloud density of Fe-N_x sites enhance the charge transfer and promotes the ORR process. The as-synthesized Fe/B/N–C electrocatalyst shows excellent ORR activity of a half-wave potential (0.90 V vs 0.87 V of Pt/C), together with superior long-term stability (95.5% current density retention after 27 h) in alkaline media and is even comparable to the commercial Pt/C catalyst (with a half-wave potential of 0.74 V vs 0.82 V of Pt/C) in an acidic electrolyte. A Zn-air battery assembled with Fe/B/N–C as ORR catalyst delivers a higher open-circuit potential (1.47 V), specific capacity (759.9 mA h g^?1_Zn at 10 mA cm^?2), peak power density (62 mW cm^?2), as well as excellent durability (5 mA cm^?2 for more than 160 h) compared to those with commercial Pt/C. This work provides an effective strategy to construct B doped Fe–N–C materials as nonprecious ORR catalyst. Theoretical calculations indicate that introduction of B could induce Fe-N_x species electronic configuration and is favorable for activation of OH1 intermediates to promote ORR process.     

Mathematical representation of radiality constraint in distribution system reconfiguration problem

Distribution systems are most commonly operated in a radial configuration for a number of reasons. In order to impose radiality constraint in the optimal network reconfiguration problem, an efficient algorithm is introduced in this paper based on graph theory. The paper shows that the normally followed methods of imposing radiality constraint within a mixed-integer programming formulation of the reconfiguration problem may not be sufficient. The minimum-loss network reconfiguration problem is formulated using different ways to impose radiality constraint. It is shown, through simulations, that the formulated problem using the proposed method for representing radiality constraint can be solved more efficiently, as opposed to the previously proposed formulations. This results in up to 30% reduction in CPU time for the test systems used in this study.     

An interpretative structural modeling based network reconfiguration strategy for power systems

The network reconfiguration is an important stage of restoring a power system after a complete blackout or a local outage. Reasonable planning of the network reconfiguration procedure is essential for rapidly restoring the power system concerned. An approach for evaluating the importance of a line is first proposed based on the line contraction concept. Then, the interpretative structural modeling (ISM) is employed to analyze the relationship among the factors having impacts on the network reconfiguration. The security and speediness of restoring generating units are considered with priority, and a method is next proposed to select the generating unit to be restored by maximizing the restoration benefit with both the generation capacity of the restored generating unit and the importance of the line in the restoration path considered. Both the start-up sequence of generating units and the related restoration paths are optimized together in the proposed method, and in this way the shortcomings of separately solving these two issues in the existing methods are avoided. Finally, the New England 10-unit 39-bus power system and the Guangdong power system in South China are employed to demonstrate the basic features of the proposed method.     

岩性指示曲线重构及其在储层预测中的应用

大牛地上古生界岩性气藏主要发育在三角洲分流河道沉积的下石盒子组、海陆交互沉积的山西组及以潮坪相沉积为主的太原组,储层是储集性能较差的致密砂岩,平均孔隙度小于10％,渗透率小于1×10-2μm2,储层单层厚度一般小于10 m,砂体横向连通性较差。由于低孔、低渗特征导致储层与围岩的波阻抗差异微弱,用地震资料进行储层预测困难。为此,针对大牛地石板太工区优质储层的岩性特征和测井响应特征进行了测井综合分析,利用对岩性粒度敏感的自然伽马曲线,以及对岩性粒度响应频率较低,且与波阻抗有较好对应关系的中子曲线重构了岩性指示曲线。岩性指示曲线不仅可以有效地识别优质砂体,划分不同岩性,为地震、测井信息结合的岩性反演建立桥梁,同时也为反演结果识别气层打下了基础。利用岩性指示曲线、波阻抗和电阻率曲线进行的地震、测井联合反演技术在石板太工区取得了较好的效果,同时,对石板太工区下石盒子组盒2段、山2段进行了储层和含气性预测,划分了有利含气区带,部署的2口开发井和1口探井有2口井见气,其中1口井获高产气流。     

SFTMP——一个实现软件容错的多处理机系统

多版本软件通过设计相异性实现了软件容错。为了对这种方法进行研究，我们的课题实现了一个三版本软件系统，称之为SFTMP（SoftwareFault－TolerantMultiProcessor）。本文描述了SFTMP的硬件结构和软件执行支持环境，该环境包括同步、表决和监控功能、版本间的通讯及故障的恢复和重构。     

Run-time generation of partial FPGA configurations

This paper presents and evaluates a method of generating partial bitstreams at run-time for dynamic reconfiguration of sections of an FPGA. The method is intended for use in adaptive embedded systems that employ run-time reconfiguration to achieve high flexibility and performance. The proposed approach combines partial bitstreams of coarse-grained components to produce a new partial bitstream implementing a given circuit netlist. Topological sorting of the netlist is used to determine the initial positions of individual components, whose placement is then improved by simulated annealing. Connection routing is done by a breadth-first search of the reconfigurable area based on a simplified resource model of the reconfigurable fabric. The desired partial bitstream is constructed by merging together the default bitstream of the reconfigurable area, the relocated partial bitstreams of the components, and the configurations of the switch matrices used for routing. The approach is embodied in a code library that applications can use to create new bitstreams at run-time. For the members of a set of 29 benchmarks (both synthetic and application-derived) having between five and 41 components, the complete process of bitstream generation takes between 8 s and 35 s when running on an embedded PowerPC 405 microprocessor clocked at 300 MHz.     

Fault tolerance in multiprocessor systems

Multiprocessor systems which afford a high degree of parallelism are used in a variety of applications. The extremely stringent reliability requirement has made the provision of fault-tolerance an important aspect in the design of such systems. This paper presents a review of the various approaches towards tolerating hardware faults in multiprocessor systems. It emphasizes the basic concepts of fault tolerant design and the various problems to be taken care of by the designer. An indepth survey of the various models, techniques and methods for fault diagnosis is given. Further, we consider the strategies for fault-tolerance in specialized multiprocessor architectures which have the ability of dynamic reconfiguration and are suited tovlsi implementation. An analysis of the state-of-the-art is given which points out the major aspects of fault-tolerance in such architectures.     

一种面向重构的工作流活动状态语义描述方法

工作流活动行为的精确描述是实现工作流过程控制的基础。基于状态的工作流活动行为描述方法在当前的工作流管理系统中被普遍采用。然而,非形式化的活动状态描述缺乏精确的语义并且不易扩充,导致系统适应性较差。针对业务过程管理需求的多样性和动态性,提出了一种支持快速重构的工作流活动状态语义的形式化描述方法。在分析工作流活动与工作项的状态关联基础上,定义了活动状态配置、活动状态配置全集等用于活动状态语义描述的基本概念。通过把活动状态映射为具有相同特征的活动状态配置的集合,建立了形式化的活动状态语义,研究了在此语义下活动状态的重构机制和基本实现步骤,并通过实例验证了该机制的有效性。应用本方法能够提高工作流管理系统适应企业业务过程管理需求快速变化的能力。     

OCEAN,a flexible adaptive Network-On-Chip for dynamic applications

The dynamic and partial reconfiguration of FPGAs enables the dynamic placement of applicatives tasks in reconfigurable zones. However, the dynamic management of the tasks impacts the communications since they are not present in the FPGA during all computation time. So, the task manager should ensure the allocation of each new task and their interconnection which is performed by a flexible interconnection network. In this article, various interconnection networks are studied. Each architecture is evaluated with respect to its suitability for the paradigm of the dynamic and partial reconfiguration in FPGA implementations. This study leads us to propose the OCEAN network that supports the communication constraints into the context of dynamic reconfigurations. Thanks to a generic platform allowing in situ characterizations of network performances, fair comparisons of various Networks-On-Chip can be realized. The FPGA and ASICs implementations of the OCEAN network are also discussed.     

基于诊断策略遗传算法的配电网络重构算法

为减小网损,提出基于诊断策略遗传算法的配电网络重构方法.针对基因诊断策略,提出新的编码方案,改进遗传操作。对优质基因进行诊断,存入优质基因库;并且将诊断出的劣质基因（即不可行解）通过打开回路和连通孤岛的方法,将其修复为可行解,从而提高收敛速度和遗传算法搜索效率.最后对典型IEEE 33节点和IEEE69节点测试系统进行网络重构仿真实验,证实了算法的有效性,并与快速支路交换算法的计算结果相比较,表明了该算法可有效减小重构配电网的网损.