反凝析现象对雅克拉凝析气处理工艺的影响

雅克拉凝析气田位于塔里木盆地北部，地处新疆维吾尔自治区阿克苏地区境内，它是中国石化集团公司西北分公司探明并投入开发的最大凝析气田，采用衰竭式开采。通过对井口物流的相态研究，认识了凝析气的反凝析规律，采取了提高凝析气中C^＋₃收率的方法，以确保外输干气的烃露点达到管输要求，并提高该气田开发的经济效益。在工艺方案设计过程中，通过多种工艺方案比选，确定选用膨胀机进口压力为6.0 MPa的膨胀机制冷工艺， C^＋₃收率达到92％以上，外输干气烃露点满足管输要求。     

Retrograde Amnesia Induced by Drugs Acting on Different Molecular Systems.

The gamma aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) agonist, muscimol, the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5), and the inhibitor of the extracellularly regulated kinases (ERKs), UO 126, cause retrograde amnesia when administered to the hippocampus. In the present study, the authors found that they all cause retrograde amnesia for 1-trial inhibitory avoidance, not only when infused into the dorsal CA1 region of the hippocampus, but also when infused into the basolateral amygdala or the entorhinal, parietal, and posterior cingulate cortices. The posttraining time course of the effect of each drug was, however, quite different across brain structures. Thus, in all of them, NMDA receptors and the ERK pathway are indispensable for memory consolidation, and GABAA receptor activation inhibits memory consolidation: but in each case, their influence is interwoven differently. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Consolidation of Long-Term Memory: Evidence and Alternatives.

Memory loss in retrograde amnesia has long been held to be larger for recent periods than for remote periods, a pattern usually referred to as the Ribot gradient. One explanation for this gradient is consolidation of long-term memories. Several computational models of such a process have shown how consolidation can explain characteristics of amnesia, but they have not elucidated how consolidation must be envisaged. Here findings are reviewed that shed light on how consolidation may be implemented in the brain. Moreover, consolidation is contrasted with alternative theories of the Ribot gradient. Consolidation theory, multiple trace theory, and semantization can all handle some findings well but not others. Conclusive evidence for or against consolidation thus remains to be found. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

榫边扣合管状密闭输送带的制作及其质量优化

对用于制药、精细化工、建材业等输送松散及粉、粒物料不污染环境的榫边扣合管状密闭输送带的结构特点、技术要求、制造工艺和优化制品质量的技术措施及效果进行了实验探讨。     

Retrograde Amnesia in Dementia: Comparison of HIV-Associated Dementia, Alzheimer's Disease, and Huntington's Disease.

Remote memory was assessed in persons with HIV-associated dementia (HIV-D), probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington's disease (HD) and in healthy controls. The clinical groups were similar in overall dementia severity. Each clinical group exhibited impairments on remote memory tests relative to controls; however, temporally graded memory loss with selective preservation of older information was observed in the AD group but not the HD or HIV-D group. Analysis of cued retrieval indicated a preferential cuing benefit for the HIV-D and HD groups relative to the AD group. The similar pattern of remote memory performance demonstrated by the HIV-D and HD groups is a novel finding and suggests a subcortically mediated retrograde amnesia in HIV-D. The temporally graded pattern and the abnormal cued retrieval performance in the AD group are consistent with a consolidation deficit associated with extrahippocampal (cortical) and hippocampal damage. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

表皮系数分解方法及应用

由于井壁附近地层的渗透率受到损害,形成与原地层特性不同的"表皮"区,用表皮系数S表示,S值大小一般由试井分析得到.但求得的S是一总量,它是多个因素作用的综合反映.利用公式对总表皮系数进行了分解,并利用分解出的表皮系数对钻井泥浆密度进行了分析,可以得到真实的表皮系数,在雅克拉气田实际运用中证明该方法具有一定的实际意义,可为以后的钻井及措施改造提供参数,以便进一步提高油井产量.     

北美典型致密油地质特征对比及分类

为全面认识致密油,汲取国外成功的开发经验,从而推动我国致密油发展,通过详细对比北美地区巴肯组、鹰滩组和卡尔蒂姆组的地质特征,从方便储量计算的角度,提出了更为完善的致密油定义,并系统划分了致密油的类型。结果表明：致密油主要是指以吸附或游离状态赋存于未纳入常规油田产区的低渗储层（卡尔蒂姆组）或地层深部致密沉积岩（巴肯组、鹰滩组）中,且必须通过水平井或多级压裂等开发技术才能实现经济采出的轻质非常规石油聚集,可以划分为 2 个大类、5 个亚类,其中,巴肯组致密油资源量最大,具有“大而肥”的特点,主要赋存在渗透率为 0.01～1.00 mD 的致密砂岩中,卡尔蒂姆组致密油资源量次之,主要赋存在渗透率为 0.1～10.0 mD 的砂质泥岩中,而鹰滩组致密油资源量最低,主要赋存在渗透率为 0.000 001～0.000 100 mD 的致密灰岩中。     

Growth points in research on memory and hippocampus.

We present an overview of two of our ongoing projects relating processes in the hippocampus to memory. We are trying to understand why retrograde amnesia occurs after damage to the hippocampus. Our experiments establish the generality of several new retrograde amnesia phenomena that are at odds with the consensus view of the role of the hippocampus in memory. We show in many memory tasks that complete damage to the hippocampus produces retrograde amnesia that is equivalent for recent and remote memories. Retrograde amnesia affects a much wider range of memory tasks than anterograde amnesia. Normal hippocampal processes can interfere with retention of a long-term memory stored outside the hippocampus. We conclude that the hippocampus competes with nonhippocampal systems during memory encoding and retrieval. Finally, we outline a project to understand and manipulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis in order to repair damaged hippocampal circuitry to recover lost cognitive functions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

低渗凝析气井反凝析、反渗吸伤害及解除方法

凝析气藏衰竭开采过程中，受相态变化影响，在近井带地层将形成反凝析液堆栈和井筒积液。井筒积液在井筒回压、岩石润湿性及微孔隙毛管压力作用下将产生反渗吸水锁效应，造成地层渗流通道的堵塞，从而引起气井产能下降，特别是对低渗凝析气井影响更大。在分析了反凝析、反渗吸地层伤害机理和国内外现有降低和解除反凝析、反渗吸堵塞技术方法的基础上，针对低渗凝析气藏，建议采用一种有效的解除凝析气藏近井地层反凝析、反渗吸堵塞．提高气井产能的技术方法：即在注气吞吐之前注入一个甲醇(乙醇、表面活性剂)溶液前置段塞来有效地解除反凝析特别是反渗吸水锁效应所产生的地层伤害和堵塞。