Aperture-Adjustable and Repairable Metal-Based MOFs Catalysis Membrane for Water Purification

Precise adjustment of the pore size, damage repair, and efficient cleaning is all challenges for the wider application of inorganic membranes. This study reports a simple strategy of combining dry-wet spinning and electrosynthesis to fabricate stainless-steel metal–organic framework composite membranes characterized by customizable pore sizes, targeted reparability, and high catalytic activity for membrane cleaning. The membrane pore size can be precisely customized in the range of 14–212 nm at nanoscale, and damaged membranes can be repaired by targeted treatment in 120 s. In addition, advanced oxidation processes can be used to quickly clean the membrane and achieve 98% flux recovery. The synergistic actions of the membrane matrix and the selective layer increase the adsorption energy of active sites to oxidant, shorten the electron transfer cycle, and enhance the overall catalytic performance. This study can provide a new direction for the development of advanced membranes for water purification and high-efficiency membrane cleaning methods.     

超声波协同加强剂对重油低温裂解降黏过程的影响

以重油为研究对象,在不加水的条件下,利用超声波协同加强剂裂解降黏,分析了重油处理前后四组分组成的变化情况。考察了加强剂浓度、处理时间和超声功率对重油降黏效果的影响,分析了处理前后重油黏度和流动性能的变化,并对重油黏度恢复情况进行了测试分析,同时采用红外光谱和气相色谱分析了处理前后重油的结构变化。结果表明:加强剂浓度对降黏效果影响最大,其次为处理时间和超声功率;加强剂浓度越大,降黏效果越好;随处理时间和超声功率的增大,降黏率先增加后略微下降;超声波与加强剂具有协同效应,使重油中长链大分子、芳环和杂原子发生断链、加氢、开环等系列反应,能够在常温条件下降低重油黏度,改善流动性能,显著提高重油品质。     

Modulating Blue Phosphorene by Synergetic Codoping: Indirect to Direct Gap Transition and Strong Bandgap Bowing

The structural and electronic properties of synergistically modified blue phosphorene (BP) is investigated. The inversion and threefold rotational symmetries of BP are broken. The codoping of group IV and VI impurities can turn monolayer BP into direct bandgap semiconductors. The underlying physical mechanism is that group IV and VI impurities tailor the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum, respectively, and move them to Γ. All the bandgaps of monolayer, nanoribbons, and quantum dots of BP can be modulated in a wide range, and the strong bandgap bowing is found. In addition, the Coulomb interactions between the screened impurities are revealed. Lower formation energies indicate the fabricating practicability of synergeticly modified BP. Spin–orbit coupling (SOC) can also be tuned by the introduction of impurities.     

多分类器融合的指纹全局特征协同识别

指纹识别是生物特征识别中的热点,指纹全局特征识别具有明显的优势,但是单一分类器一般不能取得满意的识别效果。本文采用贝叶斯理论分析了常见的积、和、中值以及投票多分类器融合方法,并根据实际的选举情形,对投票法进行了2种改进。然后对3种指纹全局特征协同识别分类器:灰度值、主分量以及方向场分类器进行决策层融合,并采用了一种崭新而高效的协同模式识别方法。对FVC2002指纹库的实验表明:该方法具有较好的分类性能,预处理与特征提取简单、计算复杂度低、识别速度快、对污损指纹具有可靠的识别率、鲁棒性强,而且应用于身份认证中也取得了较好的认证效果。     

Pillar[5]arene-Modified Gold Nanorods as Nanocarriers for Multi-Modal Imaging-Guided Synergistic Photodynamic-Photothermal Therapy

Supramolecular approaches have opened up vast possibilities to construct versatile materials, especially those with stimuli-responsiveness and integrated functionalities of multi-modal diagnosis and synergistic therapeutics. In this study, a hybrid theranostic nanosystem named TTPY-Py⊂CP5@AuNR is constructed via facile host–guest interactions, where TTPY-Py is a photosensitizer with aggregation-induced emission and CP5@AuNR represents the carboxylatopillar[5]arene (CP5)-modified Au nanorods. TTPY-Py⊂CP5@AuNR integrates the respective advantages of TTPY-Py and CP5@AuNR such as the high performance of reactive oxygen species generation and photothermal conversion, and meanwhile shows fluorescence responses to both temperature and pH stimuli. The successful modification of CP5 macrocycles on AuNRs surfaces can eliminate the cytotoxicity of AuNRs and enable them to serve as the nanocarrier of TTPY-Py for further theranostic applications. Significantly, in vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrate that this supramolecular nanotheranostic system possesses multiple modalities including intensive fluorescence imaging (FLI), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT), indicating its great potential for FLI-PAI imaging-guided synergistic PDT-PTT therapy. Moreover, TTPY-Py can be released upon activation by the acidic environment of lysosomes and then specifically light up mitochondria. This study demonstrates a new strategy for the design of versatile nanotheranostics for accurate tumor imaging and cancer therapies.     

Vacancy Manipulation Induced Optimal Carrier Concentration,Band Convergence and Low Lattice Thermal Conductivity in Nano-Crystalline SnTe Yielding Superior Thermoelectric Performance

Synergetic optimization of electrical and thermal transport properties is achieved for SnTe-based nano-crystalline materials. Gd doping is able to suppress the Sn vacancy, which is confirmed by positron annihilation measurements and corresponding theoretical calculations. Hence, the optimal hole carrier concentration is obtained, leading to the improvement of electrical transport performance and simultaneous decrease of electronic thermal conductivity. In addition, the incremental density of states effective mass m* in SnTe is realized by the promotion of the band convergence via Gd doping, which is further confirmed by the band structure calculation. Hence, the enhancement of the Seebeck coefficient is also achieved, leading to a high power factor of 2922 µW m⁻¹ K⁻² for Sn_0.96Gd_0.04Te at 900 K. Meanwhile, substantial suppression of the lattice thermal conductivity is observed in Gd-doped SnTe, which is originated from enhanced phonon scattering by multiple processes including mass and strain fluctuations due to the Gd doping, scattering of grain boundaries, nano-pores, and secondary phases induced by Gd doping. With the decreased phonon mean free path and reduced average phonon group velocity, a rather low lattice thermal conductivity is achieved. As a result, the synergetic optimization of the electric and thermal transport properties contributes to a rather high ZT value of ≈1.5 at 900 K, leading to the superior thermoelectric performance of SnTe-based nanoscale polycrystalline materials.     

FAPbI3 Flexible Solar Cells with a Record Efficiency of 19.38% Fabricated in Air via Ligand and Additive Synergetic Process

Compared with silicon‐based solar cells, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) possess a distinct advantage, i.e., its application in the flexible field. However, the efficiency of the flexible device is still lower than that of the rigid one. First, it is found that the dense formamidinium (FA)‐based perovskite film can be obtained with the help of N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) via low pressure‐assisted method. In addition, CH₃NH₃Cl (MACl) as the additive can preferentially form MAPbCl_3?xI_x perovskite seeds to induce perovskite phase transition and crystal growth. Finally, by using FAI·PbI₂·NMP+x%MACl as the precursor, i.e., ligand and additive synergetic process, a FA‐based perovskite film with a large grain size, high crystallinity, and low trap density is obtained on a flexible substrate under ambient conditions due to the synergetic effect, e.g., MACl can enhance the crystallization of the intermediate phase of FAI·PbI₂·NMP. As a result, a record efficiency of 19.38% in flexible planar PSCs is achieved, and it can retain about 89% of its initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) after 230 days without encapsulation under ambient conditions. The PCE retains 92% of the initial value after 500 bending cycles with a bending radii of 10 mm. The results show a robust way to fabricate highly efficient flexible PSCs.     

Metal Organic Framework-MXene Nanoarchitecture for Fast Responsive and Ultra-Stable Electro-Ionic Artificial Muscles

Electro-ionic soft actuators, capable of continuous deformations replacing non-compliant rigid mechanical components, attract increasing interest in the field of next-generation metaverse interfaces and soft robotics. Here, a novel MXene (Ti₃C₂T_x) electrode anchoring manganese-based 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate metal-organic framework (MnBTC) for ultrastable electro-ionic artificial muscles is reported. By a facile supramolecular self-assembly, the Ti₃C₂T_x-MnBTC hybrid nanoarchitecture forms coordinate bond, hydrogen bond, and hydrophilic interaction with the conducting polymer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), resulting in a mechanically flexible and electro-ionically active electrode. The superior electrical and electrochemical performances of the electrode stem from the synergistic effects between intrinsically hierarchical nanoarchitecture of MnBTC and rapid electron transport behavior of Mxene, leading to fast diffusion and accommodation of ions in the ion-exchangeable membrane. The developed artificial muscle based on Ti₃C₂T_x-MnBTC is found to exhibit high bending displacement (12.5 mm) and ultrafast response time (0.77 s) under a low driving voltage (0.5 V), along with wide frequency response (0.1–10 Hz) and exceptional stability (98% retention at 43,200 s) without any distortion of actuation performance. Furthermore, the designed electro-active artificial muscle is successfully used to demonstrate mimicry of eye motions including eyelid blinking and eyeball movement in a doll.     

纳米改性氢氧化铝与包覆红磷协效阻燃PBT的研究

以纳米改性氢氧化铝(CG-ATH)与包覆红磷(RP)为无卤阻燃剂,研究其对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。首先探讨了包覆红磷的添加量对PBT阻燃性能和力学性能的影响,然后固定包覆红磷用量,考察纳米CG-ATH的添加量对PBT/RP复合体系的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,纳米CG-ATH和包覆红磷能协效阻燃PBT复合体系,在包覆红磷添加量为10phr,纳米CG-ATH为20 phr时,PBT复合材料的氧指数从21%提高到30%,达到V-0级;复合材料的拉伸强度为57.0 M Pa,冲击强度为3.03 kJ/m2,断裂伸长率为5.79%,表明该PBT复合体系具有优良的阻燃性能和力学性能。     

油田用咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂的合成及性能评价

以油酸、二乙烯三胺及季铵化试剂为主要原料,合成了适用于油田的眯唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂。确定了该缓蚀剂的最佳合成条件：油酸和二乙烯三胺摩尔比为1：1．2,酰胺化反应温度160℃、反应时间1．5h,环化反应温度220℃、反应时间6．5h,季铵化试剂为硫酸二甲酯,其与咪唑啉中间体摩尔比为1：1,季铵化反应温度50℃、反应时间2．5h。性能评价表明,该咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂在模拟油田现场盐水中具有良好的缓蚀性,当与OP-10、SDS、K1分别复配时,均显示良好的协同效应,并且具有较好的水溶性。