HIGHER PLANT BIOMARKERS IN PALEOGENE CRUDE OILS FROM THE YUFUTSU OIL-AND GASFIELD AND OFFSHORE WILDCATS, JAPAN

Geochemical investigation of Paleogene oils from the onshore Yufutsu oil- and gasfield, southern Hokkaido, and from two nearby offshore wells, revealed the presence of numerous biomarkers of higher plant origin. Biomarkers in the oils belong to different groups of both angiosperm and gymnosperm origin; they include bicyclic sesquiterpanes, diterpanes, and triterpanes and their aromatized counterparts, which suggests a terrestrial origin for the oils. The oils were characterized as having a high wax content, a low content of organosulphur compounds, a high pristane/phytane ratio, and a low C₂₇/(C₂₇+C₂₉) sterane ratio.
Although the oils from on- and offshore Southern Hokkaido are similar in their geochemical composition, notable differences were observed in the biomarker signature of both saturate and aromatic fractions. The oils from the offshore wells appeared to have a greater abundance of higher plant biomarkers compared to those from the Yufutsu field, suggesting an enrichment in higher plant components. Differences in biomarker fingerprint could not be linked to the maturity effect, since the oils appeared to be of similar maturity levels, corresponding to the late stage of the oil window (0.9–1.2%, Rc). The differences in the biomarker signatures between the oils from the Yufutsu field and the offshore wells are likely to be due to facies variations in source organic matter, resulting from differences in the quantity and quality of land plant input.     

地面数字声音广播（DAB）及其覆盖规划的考虑

简要描述了近几年来研究开发的为移动、便携和固定接收服务的地面发射数字声音广播(DAB)系统总的特点、应达到的技术和运行要求。重点介绍了系统采用的最适合克服移动接收中出现的多径效应影响的先进源编码技术(MUSICAM)、信道编码技术(COFDM)等的基本原理、系统参数、并介绍了规划DAB业务时,在VHF/FM频段考虑的最佳频段及频谱利用改善情况,还提供了DAB单频网洛(SFN)覆盖的大体情况。其内容取材均来自1990～1992年EBU、CCIR等的最新文稿资料。     

伊犁盆地生成发展概述

本文对伊犁盆地的生成和发展做了初步探讨,认为它是在前震旦纪结晶基底之上经历了较长时间的抬升之后形成和发展起来的双层结构盆地,即石炭纪体内裂谷盆地,石炭纪后山间陆相盆地。     

油气沉积学原理及其在勘探开发中的应用

本文以油气藏形成条件中的生、储、盖、运、圈为纲讨论了油气勘探沉积学;以油气藏开发过程中与沉积、成岩的关系讨论了油气开发沉积学。在油气勘探沉积学中重点论述了陆相沉积与储层及圈闭的关系;在油气开发沉积学中重点论述了储层研究的基础—储层的沉积属性和成岩特征。强调储层沉积、成岩研究应成为储层评价最重要的内容。     

从CCIR的活动看广播电视技术的发展

本文描述在CCIR活动中对HDTV统一标准的争论和趋势。有关ETV,D2-MAC及数字电视地面广播系统的CCIR建议书,以及美国全数字HDTV的发展也作了介绍。     

2000—2014年辽宁省植被动态演变特征分析

基于MODIS － NDVI 数据,辅以线性回归法与分段线性回归法,并借助ArcGIS 软件,对辽宁 省2000—2014 年植被覆盖的动态演变过程进行分析。结果表明: ( 1) 时间上,辽宁省植被NDVI 在年 际尺度上呈现出明显的增大趋势,2005 年出现突变,多年平均NDVI 值为0. 496; 春季、夏季、秋季 以及植被生长季NDVI 突变年份分别为2006 年、2005 年、2009 年和2004 年,秋季波动变化的突变点 明显滞后; 植被生长最旺盛的季节为夏季,且集中于8 月。( 2) 空间上,辽宁省植被覆盖具有明显的 地域性差异,呈现出东部高、中西部低的分布特征; 辽宁省植被覆盖优良区与辽东山地的界限基本吻 合,植被覆盖贫乏区主要集中在朝阳市和阜新市的东北部地区。( 3) 辽宁省植被覆盖程度呈山地阴坡 高于阳坡的形态,并且植被覆盖程度最好的坡向为北偏西方向。( 4) 2000—2014 年辽宁省植被覆盖度 整体以维持现状和轻微改善为主,保持不变的区域集中于中东部地区,辽阳市与沈阳市一带有轻微退 化现象,辽西北地区改善情况较为明显。     

农药对陆生生物的生态风险评估研究进展

分别从农药登记管理法规及资料要求、效应评估及暴露评估几个方面综述了美国、欧盟及我国在农药陆生生态风险评估方面的研究进展,旨在为我国农药陆生生物风险评估技术体系的进一步完善提供科学参考,为我国的农药登记管理提供有益借鉴。     

顶管施工引起地表塌陷及关键技术分析

长距离大断面顶管施工不可避免的引起土体扰动和土层损失,导致土体塌陷和地表拉裂等现象.以某长距离超大断面顶管工程为工程研究背景,对顶管施工引起土体变形的机理展开了分析,对顶进施工过程中土体产生塌陷、地表出现张拉裂缝的原因进行了阐释,探讨了地表变位对周边建筑（构筑）物的影响,以及分析了该工程中运用的进出洞、中继器、触变泥浆减阻、加强现场监测、以及其他应急措施这5种关键控制技术,得到了一些保证工程施工安全的有益的经验.     

Is floating photovoltaic better than conventional photovoltaic? Assessing environmental impacts

Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy installations are growing all over the world as a promising renewable alternative to generate electricity. However, many studies have highlighted some drawbacks associated with the installation and operation of conventional solar energy power plants. Thus, floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems have been emerging as a new concept in solar energy to lessen negative environmental impacts caused by allocation of conventional PV facilities. This paper is an overview of the potential negative and positive environmental impacts caused by photovoltaic systems with particular interest on large-scale conventional and floating photovoltaic. This study addresses and compares the impacts at all phases of project implementation, which covers planning, construction, and operation and decommissioning, focusing on ambient located in the tropics. The overall impacts associated with project allocation such as deforestation (for the project implementation and site accessing), bird mortality, erosion, runoff, and change in microclimate are expected to have higher magnitudes for the implementation of conventional PV facilities. The results highlight advantages of FPV over conventional PV during the operational and decommissioning phases as well. Though, further studies are required to assess both qualitative and quantitative aspects of installations in similar areas.     

GRACE反演近年青藏高原及雅鲁藏布江流域陆地水储量变化

利用2005年至2010年6年的GRACE(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment)数据反演,研究了青藏高原地区以及雅鲁藏布江流域的季节及年陆地水储量的变化情况.结果显示:在研究区,伴随着显著地季节性波动,年水储量均有明显的下降趋势.同时,流域GRACE数据反演结果和国际上几种模式的水文模拟结果比较表明,GRACE在两个流域上的反演结果与CPC水文模型模拟结果变化趋势较为一致,但水储量年、季变化幅度偏大,而与GLDAS发布的CLM与VIC模型的结果则相差甚远,主要原因归结为青藏高原地区气候条件复杂导致模型的不确定性及误差较大,而大多水文模型缺乏对地下水变化的模拟能力所致.