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1.
Bernette Maria Oosterlaken Heiner Friedrich Gijsbertus de With 《Microscopy research and technique》2022,85(1):412-417
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an important analysis technique to visualize (bio)macromolecules and their assemblies, including collagen fibers. Many protocols for TEM sample preparation of collagen involve one or more washing steps to remove excess salts from the dispersion that could hamper analysis when dried on a TEM grid. Such protocols are not standardized and washing times as well as washing solvents vary from procedure to procedure, with each research group typically having their own protocol. Here, we investigate the influence of washing with water, ethanol, but also methanol and 2-propanol, for both mineralized and unmineralized collagen samples via a protocol based on centrifugation. Washing with water maintains the hydrated collagen structure and the characteristic banding pattern can be clearly observed. Conversely, washing with ethanol results in dehydration of the fibrils, often leading to aggregation of the fibers and a less obvious banding pattern, already within 1 min of ethanol exposure. As we show, this process is fully reversible. Similar observations were made for methanol and propanol. Based on these results, a standardized washing protocol for collagenous samples is proposed. 相似文献
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伏彩萍 《有色金属(冶炼部分)》2020,(6):66-69
针对现有柠檬酸铋制备工艺合成时间长、能耗高、产品纯度不高等不足,介绍了一种常温下制备柠檬酸铋的新工艺。新工艺制备时间短,制备的柠檬酸铋产品质量好,合成过程产生的废水可循环利用,废气经碱液循环吸收可生产硝酸钠副产品。 相似文献
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The investigation of phase transformations in metastable ceramic systems such as zirconia often requires local phase analysis within the areas of interest. Electron backscatter diffraction is a suitable method in combination with focused ion beam sample preparation. The interaction between ion beam and sample has to be carefully considered. In case of metastable Y-PSZ and Mg-PSZ, phase transformations were observed after FIB preparation with 30?kV, 30?nA and 5° incidence angle. Damage was the dominating effect for angles of 72°. The expected local temperature increase due to the ion bombardment with 30?kV and 30?nA is 700?K for ZrO2. Thus, the observed phase transformations can be explained on the basis of the temperature increase in the corresponding Y-PSZ phase diagram. In case of Mg-PSZ, the transition temperature is 1083?°C. The local temperature increase was obviously lower. The excitation energy for the observed phase transformation was smaller than expected from the phase diagrams of the thermodynamic equilibrium. Using 5?kV, 4.8?nA and 5° incidence angle, no phase transformations and no damage were observed. Thus, these conditions are well suited for the FIB preparation of metastable zirconia. 相似文献
7.
PDC钻头布齿设计技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
刘建风 《勘探地球物理进展》2003,26(3):225-227
合理的布齿是保证PDC钻头具有优良工作性能的关键。目前常用的PDC钻头布齿设计方法是图解调整法,该方法速度慢,设计工作烦琐,工作量大,效率低,欠灵活,而且有时会出现不必要的误差。讨论了PDC钻头布齿设计的特点,按切削原则设计了钻头冠部形状,并选择了合理的切削结构,为PDC钻头布齿计算机辅助设计软件提供了理论支撑。 相似文献
8.
FCC汽油叠合生产柴油的研究——(Ⅰ)叠合催化剂的研制 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用中孔γ-Al2O3为载体,以非贵金属Ni为活性金属组分,以金属Sn为助剂组分,制备了FCC汽油叠合生产柴油的催化剂。在实验室小型连续流动式固定床装置上,以FCC汽油为原料,考察了主活性金属负载量、助催化剂、催化剂制备条件对催化剂性能的影响。研究结果表明,在活性金属Ni质量分数为8%,助催化剂Sn质量分数为1%,浸渍时间6h,焙烧温度500℃,焙烧时间4h的条件下,制备的叠合催化剂的催化性能最好。并对催化剂进行了1500h的稳定性试验和再生性能考察,结果表明该叠合催化剂具有良好的稳定性和再生性能。 相似文献
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J. B. Quinn G. E. Schumacher L. W. Schultheis 《Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention》2004,4(1):41-46
Several days after heart surgery, a patient discovered his upper right canine tooth had broken at the root. Such tooth damage,
recognized post-operatively, is usually assumed to be caused by blunt mechanical force from an instrument used by the anesthesiologist
during placement of a breathing tube at the start of surgery.
In this case, the patient had saved the crown portion of the broken tooth, and it was possible to examine the root fracture
characteristics. The curvature and direction of the crack path and natural tooth situation suggested that failure could be
described through a cantilever beam model. This was confirmed when a whole extracted sample tooth was embedded and broken
by a measured force in a manner consistent with the model. The resulting fracture surface matched that of the patient’s broken
canine tooth. However, the high load and force direction necessary to fracture the root was inconsistent with forces applied
during the anesthesia procedure. The failure analysis and further investigation indicated tooth clenching on the breathing
tube during recovery was the likely cause of fracture.
This paper presents an alternate explanation for intubation-related dental injury, demonstrates the practicality of fractographic
analysis of biological materials, and introduces a methodology for simulating in vitro tooth settings for mechanical testing. 相似文献