豚草及三裂叶豚草挥发物成分的GC和GC／MS分析

本文运用ＸＡＤ－４和ＧＤＸ１０４树脂吸附的方法，对豚草（Ａｍｂｒｏｓｉａａｒｔｅｍｉｓｓｉｆｏｌｉａ）和三裂叶豚草（Ａ．ｔｒｉｆｉｄａ）的挥发物进行了研究，发现ＸＡＤ－４和ＧＤＸ１０４在吸附两种杂草挥发物的性能上基本相同．豚草挥发物的主要成分为：α－蒎烯、β－蒎烯、莰烯、２－冰片烯；三裂叶豚草的挥发物主要为：２，４－二甲基瘐烷、α蒎烯、２，６，７－三甲基癸烷、５－甲基壬烷、２－冰片烯．这些研究结果表明两种豚草挥发物的成分差别较大，对进一步研究它们的化感作用有重要意义。     

三裂叶豚草花粉形态及雄配子体发育的研究

三裂叶豚草（Ambrosia trifida L.）是世界公认的恶性杂草。它的危害性主要在于其花粉对人体产生严重的致敏作用。本文利用扫描电子显微镜对三裂叶豚草的花粉外部形态进行了观察,并利用石蜡切片和光学显微镜对其雄配子体发育进行了系统研究。结果表明：花粉粒球形,外壁呈刺状纹饰,三孔沟。花药壁由4层细胞组成,分别为表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层。绒毡层发育类型为变形绒毡层。小孢子母细胞胞质分裂为连续型,四分体主要为四面体形。成熟花粉粒为3-细胞型。     

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of CDPK Family Reveal Their Involvements in Growth and Development and Abiotic Stress in Sweet Potato and Its Two Diploid Relatives

Calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPKs) is one of the calcium-sensing proteins in plants. They are likely to play important roles in growth and development and abiotic stress responses. However, these functions have not been explored in sweet potato. In this study, we identified 39 CDPKs in cultivated hexaploid sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas, 2n = 6x = 90), 35 CDPKs in diploid relative Ipomoea trifida (2n = 2x = 30), and 35 CDPKs in Ipomoea triloba (2n = 2x = 30) via genome structure analysis and phylogenetic characterization, respectively. The protein physiological property, chromosome localization, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, promoter cis-acting regulatory elements, and protein interaction network were systematically investigated to explore the possible roles of homologous CDPKs in the growth and development and abiotic stress responses of sweet potato. The expression profiles of the identified CDPKs in different tissues and treatments revealed tissue specificity and various expression patterns in sweet potato and its two diploid relatives, supporting the difference in the evolutionary trajectories of hexaploid sweet potato. These results are a critical first step in understanding the functions of sweet potato CDPK genes and provide more candidate genes for improving yield and abiotic stress tolerance in cultivated sweet potato.     

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of JAZ Family Involved in Hormone and Abiotic Stress in Sweet Potato and Its Two Diploid Relatives

Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins are key repressors of a jasmonic acid signaling pathway. They play essential roles in the regulation of plant growth and development, as well as environmental stress responses. However, this gene family has not been explored in sweet potato. In this study, we identified 14, 15, and 14 JAZs in cultivated hexaploid sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas, 2n = 6x = 90), and its two diploid relatives Ipomoea trifida (2n = 2x = 30) and Ipomoea triloba (2n = 2x = 30), respectively. These JAZs were divided into five subgroups according to their phylogenetic relationships with Arabidopsis. The protein physiological properties, chromosome localization, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, promoter cis-elements, protein interaction network, and expression pattern of these 43 JAZs were systematically investigated. The results suggested that there was a differentiation between homologous JAZs, and each JAZ gene played different vital roles in growth and development, hormone crosstalk, and abiotic stress response between sweet potato and its two diploid relatives. Our work provided comprehensive comparison and understanding of the JAZ genes in sweet potato and its two diploid relatives, supplied a theoretical foundation for their functional study, and further facilitated the molecular breeding of sweet potato.