Adventure tourism and adventure sports injury: the New Zealand experience

The primary aims of this study were to establish a client injury baseline for the New Zealand adventure tourism and adventure sport sector, and to examine patterns and trends in claims for injury during participation in adventure activities. Content analysis of narrative text data for compensated injuries occurring in a place for recreation and sport over a 12-month period produced over 15,000 cases involving adventure tourism and adventure sport. As found in previous studies in New Zealand, highest claim counts were observed for activities that are often undertaken independently, rather than commercially. Horse riding, tramping, surfing and mountain biking were found to have highest claim counts, while hang gliding/paragliding/parasailing and jet boating injuries had highest claim costs, suggesting greatest injury severity. Highest claim incidence was observed for horse riding, with female claimants over-represented for this activity. Younger male claimants comprised the largest proportion of adventure injuries, and falls were the most common injury mechanism.     

冒险游戏场的起源、实例与启示

游戏是儿童成长中不可或缺的部分,儿童友好城市的重要硬件措施是建设儿童游戏据点。冒险游戏场作为代表性场所,在治愈儿童心理问题、培养儿童责任感、激发儿童危机意识和自我保护技能等方面发挥了重要作用。冒险游戏场在国外已有70余年的实践历史,但我国对冒险游戏场的研究尚处于初级阶段,在实践方面仍属空白。本文从剖析冒险游戏场的起源与核心思想入手,重点围绕欧美和日本的发展背景,对其发展历史进行系统梳理,再深入解读"常设"和"非常设"的三个典型案例,总结出设计理念"自由化"、空间要素"自然化"、场所运营"专业化"三个关键启示,为我国儿童公共空间的研究提供借鉴和参考。     

儿童游乐场所的设计目标与创意

针对目前儿童游乐场的设计现状,设计师普遍存在的态度、观念和思路等问题,提出新的发展观念。通过对儿童喜欢的动画片的成功方式进行分析,总结各个年龄段儿童的特点、喜好、心理活动和行为方式,力图在不断理解儿童游戏特点的过程中探寻游戏的意义,找到能够给孩子们的成长带来积极影响的主题创意。通过一些实例提出摆脱目前贫乏无趣的游戏场模式,从而实现为儿童快乐生活和健康成长而创作的目标,设计出满足儿童需要的作品。     

儿童游戏场所的规划设计理论

从诸多方面对儿童游戏场空间进行了综合的阐述,即从儿童对户外空间的本能需求,到生活群体至生活空间,最后还从社会经济条件和自然条件的基础上,如何建立起一套完整、客观的儿童户外活动、游戏场所空间的规划设计的理论体系,提出了作者的见解和多年的研究成果,奠定了作者在此领域的主宰地位,并成为此后从事这方面专门研究的理论基础。     

城市儿童公共空间 —广州俄罗斯方块商业广场景观设计

Tetris Square is a commercial plaza located in a corner of a large mixed-use development in Tianhe District, Guangzhou. Designers treated the site as an urban public space rather than a commercial place simply for children play, with focus on younger users and core families. Landscape architects attempt to respond to a series of community demands with a smarter proposal. Instead of a direct use of finished play equipment, designers create many flexible spaces for diverse play experience, and “hide” a grove by integrating it into the play facilities, which introduces an urban oasis attracting more visitors to the square. This does not follow the conventional design principle of commercial spaces which is to plant as few trees as possible for a maximum storefront display. The grid modules of squares make facility fabrication and installation much easier, helping save the costs and ensure the construction quality. Assembled precast concrete outdoor furniture was used extensively in the whole complex. Landscape architects designed only two basic precast concrete modules, which could be assembled into more than twenty combinations. Now Tetris Square is an urban playground for children and their parents, as well as a public space for other residents in adjacent communities. The project provides children with fun and happiness through user-friendly and naturalized design, encouraging children’s cognitive learning from the external world, and simulating their imagination and creativity in play.     

探险旅游者的安全服务体系建设研究

近年探险旅游逐渐受到人们的青睐,然而相关保障服务缺失与安全事故频发却阻碍了探险旅游的发展。本文通过对探险旅游现状进行归纳总结,提出了服务主体在探险旅游中的安全定位。以此为基础,构建探险旅游的安全服务机制和服务体系。     

Fences of childhood: Challenging the meaning of playground boundaries in design

Scholars have criticized the capacity of playgrounds to support children's participation in public life. Fences of childhood, such as walls, fences, and enclosures, dominate children's “public” spatial experiences in the global north. Challenging well-established critiques of the fenced playground as a space that segregates and controls childhood experiences, this study offers a novel and nuanced perspective, emphasizing the qualities of the playground fence that support play and playful connections, on, through, and around it. Employing an ethnographic methodology, this study includes 167h of observations in three typical urban public playgrounds in Greece and 65 semi-structured interviews with 124 participants. Drawing on recursive thematic qualitative analysis, the fence emerges as a blurred boundary, that is, an element that transgresses assumptions and questions spatial classifications and hierarchies. Rarely the subject of design discourse, these findings are particularly significant in design disciplines globally and offer new understandings on the possibilities afforded by the playground fence. Emergent themes, namely, indeterminacy, climbabilty, playability, and porosity, are proposed as principles to guide fenced playground design as part of a fundamental reconceptualization. This reconceptualization positions the fenced playground as a public space infrastructure, supporting intergenerational interaction and play as well as children's presence and play in the public realm.     

用AE打造逼真的“文字流星雨”特效

电视片头和广告中经常看到出现下落的流星雨效果,它能够起到活跃气氛,加强节奏的作用.在此,我们用AE的Particle Playground制作这种效果,操作简单,无须任何插件.     

构筑国税网络与信息系统安全防御体系

本文提出了网络与信息系统安全防御体系五层模型,在深入分析国税网络与信息系统所面临的安全风险的基础上,制定了各层安全防护策略,构建了一个有效的网络与信息系统安全防御体系。