低温脂肪酶产生菌的筛选、鉴定及其部分酶学性质

从南极乔治王岛冻土来源的76株低温细菌中筛选到13株低温脂肪酶产生菌，对其中的BTsl0022菌株进行鉴定。通过生理生化特征、16s rDNA基因序列的同源性和系统发育分析发现，菌株RTsl0022属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)，但与已定名的假单胞菌有一定的差异，与未定名的Pseudomonas sp．PsB的亲缘关系最接近，故将其暂定名为Pseudomonas sp．BTsl0022。对该菌脂肪酶的酶学性质初步研究表明，酶的最适作用温度为24℃，对热敏感，60℃处理30min仅残留25％酶活性，酶的适宜作用pH范围在7．0～9．0，最适pH为8．0。     

南极假丝酵母脂肪酶发酵条件优化及酶学性质

分别用摇瓶和15L发酵罐,对南极假丝酵母产胞外脂肪酶的培养基成分和操作条件进行了实验研究。得到最优的培养基组成为:豆粉40g／L,淀粉15g／L,豆油5mL／L,K2HPO4g／L,MgsO4·7H2O1g／L,Tween-800.1％,酵母膏5g／L;操作条件为:温度24℃,初始pH值为6.0,通气量为10.0L／min。在此培养条件下,发酵周期缩短至54h。由15L发酵罐生产的酶液酶活达到19.2U／mL。酶液在pH值为4.0～6.0和7.5～9.0范围内较稳定,其最适宜pH值范围为6～8.5;70℃时酶的催化活性最大.在40～70℃的温度范围内保持1h后残留酶活为60％。     

Semi-automated feature-tracking of East Antarctic sea ice from Envisat ASAR imagery

While feature tracking of sea ice using cross-correlation methods on pairs of satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images has been extensively carried out in the Arctic, this is not the case in the Antarctic. This is due to the dynamic nature of Antarctic pack ice, its microwave signature, the tendency for SAR swath paths to be poorly aligned with the often narrow sea ice zone around the continent and inadequate satellite sampling. A semi-automated system, known as IPADS (IMCORR [IMageCORRelation] Processing, Analysis and Display System), has been developed to map fast ice and pack ice in Antarctica using multiple pairs of SAR images. The software processing pipeline uses overlapping image pairs which are geocoded and roughly registered using only data contained in the image headers. Next, fast ice maps are rapidly generated using zero motion features located within ocean regions. This also provides precise image registration. Finally, the same image pairs are re-examined for pack ice motion in a slower off-line batch process. The pack and fast ice are identified using a cluster-based search method which compares both location and motion information. Each image pair generates a NetCDF file which adds to a growing database of Antarctic sea ice motion and ice roughness. Five image-pair examples are presented to illustrate the methods used as well as their strengths and limitations. Substantial pack ice motion can often be detected in the marginal ice zone on SAR images only a few days apart.     

Design and analysis of hybrid energy systems: The Brazilian Antarctic Station case

This paper presents the design and analysis of a hybrid energy system for an Antarctic Station. The research considered the constraints of the extreme climate, the logistics limitations and the technical assets of the Brazilian Antarctic Station. The thermal and electrical annual profiles of the Station, the spreadsheets of the organic solid waste, and the local measured data of wind and sun were investigated. The application of anaerobic digestion, combined heat and power generation, use of photovoltaic panels and wind turbines were analysed. In the renewables analyses, 25 years of local climatic data were assessed. The influences of air density, temperature and ground reflectance on the renewable generation were also investigated. In order to assess potentials hybrid energy systems for the Brazilian Antarctic Station, possible topologies were organized in groups and then analysed by consumption, performance and feasibility. The methodology supported the identification of an efficient and feasible energy system for the Brazilian Station. The proposed system reached 37% of fuel saves considering the original demand profile of the Station. This work adopted the liter of oil as a currency, thus in any future time the results can be used for financial studies.     

The effect of changes in nitrate concentration in drinking water on methemoglobin levels in infants

For a five‐day period infants consuming powdered milk formula made up with tap water were exposed to water of controlled nitrate content. There was a significant rise in MetHb levels above normal in most children after the first day of exposure to high nitrate water (108 mg/1 NO3). This was followed by some indication of a drop in MetHb levels despite the continued exposure and finally a return to normal levels when the exposure to nitrates stopped. No clinical signs of methemoglobinemia developed. The possible existence of an adaption mechanism is suggested but requires further elucidation.     

多时相遥感影像监测南极冰川流速

测定南极冰川的流速，对于研究南极冰雪物质平衡、南极环境变化及其对全球环境的影响和极区航行有重大意义。本论述了利用多时相卫星遥感影像监测冰川变化的原理和方法，通过对英格里特一克里斯泰森海岸不同时期的遥感影像进行几何纠正和配准及叠加处理，测量和计算出极记录冰川的平均流速，并对它们的变化特点进行了初步的分析和评价。     

THE EXTRACTION OF NEPTUNIUM(V) BY METHYLTRIOCTYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE AND 1-PHENYL-3-METHYL-4-BENZOYL-5-PYRAZOLONE

The synergistic effect of methyltrioctylammonium chloride (QCI) on the extraction of Np(V) by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-pyrazolone(HP) in benzene is studied over the pH range 2-6. This system extracts Np(V) better than any previously reported. The interaction of the extractants and monomer-dimer equilibria affect the distribution behavior of Np(V) in a complicated manner. Analysis of the results suggests that NpO₂ ⁺ (M⁺) is extracted as mixed dimers, (QMP₂QCl)_o and (QMP₂QP)_o.     

The structures and functions of ice crystal-controlling proteins from bacteria

Many organisms have evolved into unique mechanisms which minimize freezing injury due to extracellular ice formation. Specifically, certain bacteria have produced a few proteins each with different functions. For example, the ice nucleation protein acts as a template for ice formation, which is responsible for imparting ice nucleating activity. The anti-nucleating protein inhibits the fluctuation of ice nucleus formation by a foreign particle in the water drop. Also, the antifreeze proteins depress the freezing temperature, modify or suppress ice crystal growth, inhibit ice recrystallization, and protect the cell membrane from cold-induced damage. In this article, a review on the current knowledge of the structure and the function of these three types of proteins, which are capable of interacting with ice itself or its nuclei from bacteria.     

Perceptions of Antarctic tourism: A question of tolerance

Perceptions of tourism held by a sample of New Zealand's Antarctic community are explored, and the small, mixed group of scientists and support workers that populate Scott Base (New Zealand's research base in the Ross Dependency, Antarctica) are treated as proxy for a ‘host’ community. This exploration is part of a wider study that set out to investigate the nature and meanings of Antarctic heritage. Although the research did not explicitly set out to survey perceptions of tourism, approximately one-half of those interviewed in the wider study gave an insight into this topic. The qualitative data reported were gathered during two visits to Scott Base in 1999. From the responses a three-fold classification was derived, indicating degrees of tolerance toward tourism: cautious, complex and comfortable tolerance.     

Thinking about Antarctic Heritage: Kaleidoscopes and filters

The preliminary results of a project that is currently investigating the nature and range of meanings of Antarctic heritage are explored. The project involves two visits to Scott Base, and the subjects of the qualitative research are the members of the New Zealand Antarctic community. Work so far suggests that different meanings do exist, and a four-fold typology of meanings is suggested which needs to be considered in decisions affecting the future of Antarctica.